语义的寄生、多重寄生和去寄生——以(非)现实语义的寄生表达为例  

Parasiticality,Multi-parasitization,and De-parasitization:A Case Study on Parasitical Expressions of(Ir)realis Meaning

作　　者：周晨磊 夏俐萍[1,3] ZHOU Chenlei;XIA Liping(the Institute of Linguistics,Chinese Academy of Social Sciences(CASS);of Key Laboratory of Linguistics,CASS;不详)

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院语言研究所 [2]中国社会科学院语言学重点实验室 [3]中国社会科学院大学

出　　处：《当代语言学》2024年第6期911-926,共16页Contemporary Linguistics

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“区域方言学视角下的湘鄂赣边界方言接触与演变研究”(21BYY016);国家社科基金重大项目“近40年来两代大规模北京口语调查的多模态语料库建设及应用研究”(20&ZD300);中国社会科学院语言学重点实验室(2024SYZH001)

摘　　要：本文从跨语言/方言角度考察(非)现实义的寄生性表达,发现(非)现实义在不同语言/方言中可以寄生于否定、结果、处所、处置、换指等范畴。(非)现实本身也可以作为宿主范畴,为其他语义所寄生。文章进一步提出多重寄生(multi-parasitization)和去寄生(de-parasitization)的概念。多重寄生指1)一个宿主范畴为多个语义所寄生;2)一个语义寄生于多个宿主范畴。去寄生指寄生意义的去除,包括1)宿主范畴的原型语义被凸显,不再承载寄生义;2)寄生义寄生于其他宿主范畴,原宿主范畴不再承载寄生义;3)寄生义经过历时演变而脱落。This paper investigates the concept of"parasiticality"in language,building on the foundational work of Liu(2018).Parasiticality refers to the phenomenon that certain linguistic meanings or functions depend on,or are“parasitic"upon,other linguistic categories.To provide a comprehensive understanding of this concept,the study conducts a cross-linguistic and cross-dialectal analysis,particularly focusing on the(ir)realis meaning.The(ir)realis meaning,which pertains to the expression of reality or unreality in verbal forms,demonstrates a remarkable potential to be parasitic on various linguistic categories,including but not limited to NEGATION,RESULTIVE,LOCATION,DISPOSITION,and SWITCHREFERENCE.The paper illustrates how(IR)REALIS itself can function as a host category,supporting other parasitic meanings.This dual capability of(ir)realis meanings-as both host and parasite-highlights the dynamic and interconnected nature of linguistic categories.By analyzing these interactions,the study sheds light on the complexity and flexibility inherent in linguistic systems across different languages and dialects.Furthermore,the paper delves into the phenomena of multi-parasitization and deparasitization,which add extra layers of complexity to the study of parasiticality.Multiparasitization occurs under two primary conditions:i)that a single host category is parasitized by multiple meanings;and i)that a single meaning is parasitic on multiple host categories.The phenomenon underscores the intricate web of dependencies and interactions that can exist within languages,revealing how meanings can simultaneously draw from and contribute to multiple linguistic contexts.In contrast,de-parasitization involves the removal or shedding of parasitic meanings from their host categories.This process can occur for several reasons:i)that the prototypical meaning of the host category is emphasized or brought to the forefront,effectively overshadowing the parasitic meaning;i)that a parasitic meaning shifts its dependence to another host category,r

关 键 词：寄生性 (非)现实 多重寄生 去寄生 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]