人工智能时代“活劳动”减少与价值量增加矛盾吗?  

Is There a Contradiction between the Decrease in Living Labor and the Increase in Magnitude of Value in the Era of Artificial Intelligence?

作　　者：邹升平 黄冀 ZOU Shengping;HUANG Ji(School of Marxism,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou Jiangsu 225009;Jiangsu Research Center of Xi Jinping's Thoughts on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era,Yangzhou Jiangsu 225009)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学马克思主义学院,江苏扬州225009 [2]江苏省习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心,江苏扬州225009

出　　处：《经济纵横》2024年第11期10-17,共8页Economic Review Journal

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“中国式现代化的历史脉络与推进路径研究”(编号:23ZDA013);国家社科基金一般项目“公有制经济促进共同富裕的历史考察与经验启示(1956—2023)”(编号:23BKS098)的成果。

摘　　要：随着人工智能技术在生产生活中的广泛应用,劳动和商品的内容、形式等均发生了重大变化,人工智能代替人类劳动,导致出现“活劳动减少而价值量增加”的现象,进而出现“劳动增加、价值增加,劳动减少、价值减少”的错误认识。要辩证地看待人类劳动,不同类型的劳动会创造不同的价值量,“劳动增加、价值增加,劳动减少、价值减少”是对马克思劳动价值论的曲解。而且在劳动生产率不断提高但又发展不平衡的情况下,会出现活劳动减少与价值量增加的反向变化,而这种现象只是生产力与科技发展进程中的一种暂时现象和个别现象。从历史发展视野看待劳动与价值的关系,在未来共产主义社会生产力极大提高的情况下,商品交换的范围逐步缩小,商品经济逐步走向消亡,用来交换的劳动逐步减少而价值量也逐步减少直至消亡,这是人类物质生产发展过程的必然趋势。With the widespread application of artificial intelligence in production and life,profound changes have occurred in the contents,forms,and other aspects of labor and goods. The replacement of human labor with artificial intelligence leads to the decrease in living labor and the increase in magnitude of value,and thus the erroneous understanding of increased labor corresponding to increased value and decreased labor corresponding to decreased value. From the dialectical view of human labor,different types of labor create different magnitudes of value. The view of increased labor corresponding to increased value and decreased labor corresponding to decreased value is a misinterpretation of Marx's labor theory of value. In the context of continuous labor productivity improvement but uneven development,the decrease in living labor corresponds to the increase in value,which is only a temporary and isolated phenomenon in the development of productive forces and technology. From the perspective of historical development,in the future communist society with greatly improved productive forces,the scope of commodity exchange will gradually shrink,and the commodity economy will gradually disappear. Accordingly,the labor used for exchange will gradually decrease,and the magnitude of value will also gradually decrease until it disappears. This is an inevitable trend in the development of human material production.

关 键 词：人工智能 活劳动 价值量 价格量 

分 类 号：F014[经济管理—政治经济学]