硝酸盐胁迫对大花美人蕉苗期生理生化特性的影响  

Effects of Nitrate Stress on Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Canna generalis Bailey at Seedling Stage

作　　者：谷照虎 赵树鑫 吴文卫[2] 徐慧妮[1] 李昆志[1] GU Zhaohu;ZHAO Shuxin;WU Wenwei;XU Huini;LI Kunzhi(Faculty of Life Science and Technology,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650500,China;Yunnan Academy of Environmental Sciences,Kunming 650034,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学生命科学与技术学院,云南昆明650500 [2]云南省环境科学研究院,云南昆明650034

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2024年第10期53-61,共9页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31960071);云南省九湖治理专项资金项目(KKK0201126044)。

摘　　要：【目的】通过研究美人蕉苗期响应硝酸盐胁迫的生理生化机制,为种植美人蕉改善水体富营养化提供依据。【方法】以云南大花美人蕉(Canna generalis Bailey)为材料,采用水培方法研究不同浓度硝酸盐处理对美人蕉氮素吸收、幼苗生长、光合参数、抗氧化酶活性等生理生化指标的影响。【结果】采用0(CK)、10、50、100、150mmol/L硝酸盐溶液水培美人蕉5周,美人蕉硝态氮吸收总量分别为0、411.7、676.9、554.6和516.4mg/株,株高分别增加-0.27、5.25、4.25、0.05和-10.32 cm,鲜质量分别增加10.3、32.7、31.6、20.3和-11.0g/株;水培5周时间内,10、50 mmol/L两种低浓度硝酸盐培养植株的光合作用和蒸腾速率均显著高于对照,光合作用速率分别约为对照的11、15倍,蒸腾速率是对照的4.3、7.5倍,气孔导度和胞间CO_(2)浓度保持较高。100、150mmol/L两种高浓度硝酸盐培养植株的光合作用和蒸腾速率均处于较低水平,气孔导度非常低。0、10 mmol/L硝酸盐培养美人蕉植株的SOD、CAT活性均较低,而50、100、150mmol/L硝酸盐处理美人蕉植株的SOD、CAT活性显著高于对照,尤以50 mmol/L处理植株的SOD、CAT活性最高;50 mmol/L硝酸盐处理植株的POD活性在5周内均显著高于其他处理,而150 mmol/L处理最低。【结论】50 mmol/L硝酸盐处理能提高美人蕉植株的光合作用、抗氧化酶活性和硝态氮吸收,促进植株生长;而100mmol/L硝酸盐处理会降低美人蕉植株的光合作用、抗氧化酶活性和硝态氮吸收,抑制植株生长。【Objective】The physiological and biochemical mechanisms of Canna generalis Bailey seedlings in response to nitrate stress were studied in order to provide a basis for improving water eutrophication by planting Canna generalis Bailey.【Method】Using Yunnan Canna generalis bailey as the material,hydroponic methods were used to study the nitrogen uptake,seedling growth,photosynthetic parameters,antioxidant enzyme activity as well as physiological and biochemical indexes of Canna generalis bailey under different nitrate nitrogen treatments.【Result】After treatment with 0(CK),10,50,100 and 150 mmol/L nitrate solutions for 5 weeks,the total nitrate uptake amounts of Canna generalis Bailey was 0,411.7,676.9,554.6 and 516.4 mg/plant,the plant height increased by-0.27,5.25,4.25,0.05 and-10.32 cm,and the fresh weight increased by 10.3,32.7,31.6,20.3 and-11.0 g/plant,respectively.Within 5 weeks of hydroponic treatment,the photosynthesis and transpiration rates of 10 mmol/L and 50 mmol/L low concentration nitrate were significantly higher than those of the control.In the fifth week,the photosynthesis rate was about 11 and 15 times that of CK,and the transpiration rate was 4.3 and 7.5 times that of CK.Stomatal conductance and intercellular CO_(2) concentration remained high.The photosynthesis and transpiration rates of plants treated with 100 and 150 mmol/L nitrate solutions were at a low level,and the stomatal conductance was extremely low.The activities of SOD and CAT under 0 and 10 mmol/L treatments were relatively low,while those under 50,100 and 150 mmol/L treatments were significantly higher than those in the control.The activities of SOD and CAT under 50 mmol/L treatment were the highest and significantly higher than those under other treatments.POD activity was significantly higher at 50 mmol/L than that of other treatments within 5 weeks,and the lowest at 150 mmol/L,indicating that high concentration of NO3-inhibited POD enzyme activity.【Conclusion】A lower concentration of 50 mmol/L nitrate can enhance t

关 键 词：大花美人蕉 硝态氮 光合作用 抗氧化酶 生理指标 蒸腾速率 

分 类 号：S181[农业科学—农业基础科学] Q945.12[生物学—植物学] X592[环境科学与工程—环境工程]