稻属生殖隔离的分子遗传学研究进展  

Advances in Molecular Genetics of Reproductive Isolation in Rice

作　　者：李顺媚 郑紫涵 刘锐英 郭鸿泽 郑琳 谢勇尧 LI Shunmei;ZHENG Zihan;LIU Ruiying;GUO Hongze;ZHENG Lin;XIE Yongyao(College of Life Sciences,South China Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources,Guangzhou 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学生命科学学院/亚热带农业生物资源保护与利用国家重点实验室,广东广州510642

出　　处：《广东农业科学》2024年第10期124-136,共13页Guangdong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(32270671);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金(2021B10564001);国家级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(202310564048,202210564050)。

摘　　要：生殖隔离是指不同种群之间在自然条件下不能交配产生后代,或产生的后代不能存活或不育的现象,其对于物种形成和维系物种稳定起重要作用,是进化生物学研究的核心科学问题。稻属种间和亚种间存在广泛的生殖隔离现象,是研究生殖隔离的理想模型。同时,稻属种间和亚种间亲缘关系较远、具有超强的远缘杂种优势,但由于远缘杂交存在严重的生殖隔离现象,限制了远缘杂种优势的有效利用。稻属生殖隔离的基因克隆和分子遗传基础取得了诸多重要的进展,不仅有助于对稻属进化生物学的理论认知,也极大地推动水稻远缘杂交育种的发展。目前,超过60个稻属生殖隔离基因座位被鉴定,15个生殖隔离基因座位的相关基因被克隆。科学家们阐明了5种稻属生殖隔离的分子遗传模型,包括单座位杀手-靶标互作模型、单座位杀手-保护者互作模型、单座位孢子体互作模型、双座位重复隐性致死模型和双座位孢子体互作模型,提出了培育广亲和系、亚种间搭桥渗入系、基因编辑创制亲和系等多种克服稻属生殖隔离的策略和方法。该综述基于水稻模型,总结了稻属生殖隔离的类型、分子遗传基础、克服策略等方面的研究进展,展望了稻属生殖隔离领域发展趋势和面临的困境,以期为植物生殖隔离的分子遗传机制研究和作物远缘杂交育种提供思路和研究参考。Reproductive isolation(RI)refers to the phenomena that different populations cannot mate to produce offsprings under natural conditions,or the produced offsprings cannot survive or are sterile.It plays an important role in speciation and maintaining species stability,and is the core scientific issue of evolutionary biology.There are extensive interspecific and intersubspecific RI in rice,which is an ideal model to study RI.Additionally,interspecific and intersubspecific hybrids display strong heterosis in rice due to the distant genetic relationship,but they suffer from serious RI which restricts the effective utilization of distant heterosis.The scientists have made great progress in cloning the causal genes and expounding the molecular genetic basis of RI in rice,which not only deepen our theoretical understanding of the rice evolutionary biology,but also greatly promote the development of distant hybrid rice breeding.To date,more than 60 RI loci have been identified,and the related genes of 15 RI loci have been cloned in rice.The scientists have proposed five molecular genetic models of RI in rice,including one-locus killer-protector model,one-locus killer-target model,one-locus sporophytic interaction model,two-locus duplicate gametic lethal model and two-locus sporophytic interaction model.According to these findings,several strategies and methods such as developing wide compatibility lines,breeding intersubspecific introgression rice and establishing artificial hybrid compatible lines by genome editing have been proposed to overcome RI in rice.Based on the rice model,this review summarizes the advances of RI in rice,including RI types,molecular genetic basis and overcoming strategies,and provides a forward-looking perspective on the development trend and challenges in the field of rice RI,with an aim to provide ideas and references for further study of molecular genetic mechanism of plant RI and distant crop hybrid breeding.

关 键 词：水稻 合子前生殖隔离 合子后生殖隔离 杂种不育 杂种衰败 分子遗传基础 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学] Q78[生物学—分子生物学]