高铁低铜萃余液铜回收研究  

Research on Copper Recovery from High-Iron and Low-Copper Raffinate

作　　者：刘琦 孙贯永 郭持皓 梁东东 李拓夫 袁朝新 LIU Qi;SUN Guanyong;GUO Chihao;LIANG Dongdong;LI Tuofu;YUAN Chaoxin(BGRIMM Technology Group,Beijing 100160,China)

机构地区：[1]矿冶科技集团有限公司,北京100160

出　　处：《有色金属（冶炼部分）》2025年第1期1-6,33,共7页Nonferrous Metals（Extractive Metallurgy)

基　　金：山东省重点研发计划项目(2023CXGC010903);矿冶科技集团有限公司科研基金资助项目(JBSTZX-8)。

摘　　要：浸出—萃取—反萃—电积工艺中,残留在萃余液中的铜具有很高的回收价值。针对现有研究在机理和产物形貌方面分析的不足,开展了置换法从高铁低铜萃余液中回收铜的研究。系统考察时间、温度、加料方式、铁粉用量等条件对置换效果的影响,实现了铜的高效置换回收。研究表明:在20℃机械搅拌30 min条件下,一次加入用量为Cu^(2+)完全反应所需理论用量7倍的铁粉,Cu^(2+)和Fe^(3+)的转化率分别为99.96%和95.86%,而H+转化率仅为2.37%。对试验结果进行热力学分析,发现反应的优先顺序和限度与热力学计算结果具有一致性。产物铜形貌表征分析表明,产物海绵铜主要由海绵状和类球状两种结构组成。In the process of leaching,extraction,stripping and electrodeposition,the copper remaining in the raffinate has high recovery value.In view of the shortcomings of existing studies in the analysis of mechanism and product morphology,the study on copper recovery from high iron and low copper raffinate by replacement method was carried out.The effects of time,temperature,feeding method and amount of iron powder on the replacement effect were investigated systematically,and the efficient replacement recovery of copper was realized.The results show that when the amount of iron powder added at one time is seven times the theoretical amount required for the complete reaction of Cu^(2+),the conversion rate of Cu^(2+)and Fe^(3+)is 99.96%and 95.86%,respectively,while the conversion rate of H+is only 2.37%with the condition of mechanical stirring at 20℃for 30 min.By thermodynamic analysis of the experimental results,it is found that the priority and limit of the reaction are consistent with the thermodynamic calculation results.The morphology analysis of the product copper shows that the sponge copper is mainly composed of two kinds of structures:spongy and spheroidal.

关 键 词：铜回收 萃余液 置换 海绵铜 

分 类 号：TF811[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]