优化施肥技术的非点源污染控制环境与经济效益模拟研究  

Environmental and economic benefits assessment of the optimal fertilization for non-point source pollution control

作　　者：蒋婧媛 罗育池 JIANG Jingyuan;LUO Yuchi(Guangdong Provincial Academy of Environmental Science,Guangzhou Guangdong 510045)

机构地区：[1]广东省环境科学研究院,广东广州510045

出　　处：《环境污染与防治》2024年第12期1767-1774,共8页Environmental Pollution & Control

基　　金：广东省重点领域研发计划项目(No.2020B1111350001);广东省环保专项资金项目(粤财资环[2021]13号)。

摘　　要：为定量评估优化施肥技术在非点源污染控制方面的环境与经济效益,以水稻“三控”施肥技术为例,运用SWAT模型模拟了该技术对流溪河流域水稻种植产量、非点源氮磷流失量的影响,采用环境经济学方法以币值的形式衡量环境与经济效益。结果表明,应用“三控”施肥技术,氮肥、磷肥用量分别比习惯施肥法低11.08%和47.37%时,水稻可增产5.69%,稻田的总氮、总磷流失量可分别减少3.08%和11.88%;保持现状水稻产量时,应用“三控”施肥技术可分别减少46.65%和68.42%的氮肥、磷肥用量,稻田的总氮、总磷流失量分别能够削减16.62%和15.80%;考虑氮磷流失量削减的环境效益价值后,“三控”施肥技术对水稻种植经济效益的提升最高可达48.98%。研究表明,优化施肥技术是减轻农业非点源污染、提高环境和经济效益的有力措施。The impacts of“Three Controls”nutrient management technology(TCNM)for rice on rice yield,non-point source nitrogen and phosphorus loss of the Liuxi River Watershed were simulated by SWAT model,and the environmental and economic benefits were measured in the form of currency by using environmental economics method.Results showed that:when changing customary fertilization to TCNM with 11.08%N saving and 47.37%P saving,the rice yield was increased by 5.69%whereas 3.08%of total nitrogen(TN)and 11.88%of total phosphorus(TP)loss from paddy field could be reduced.When keeping current rice yield,the application of TCNM could reduce TN and TP loss by 16.62%and 15.80%with up to 46.65%N saving and up to 68.42%P saving.After considering the environmental benefit value of TN and TP loss reduction,TCNM improved the economic benefit of rice planting by 48.98%.This research indicated that optimal fertilization was effective to the reduction of agricultural non-point source pollution,and to the improvement of environmental and economic benefits.

关 键 词：SWAT模型 优化施肥 水稻“三控”施肥 非点源污染 环境经济效益 

分 类 号：X71[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X52[农业科学—肥料学] S147[农业科学—农业基础科学]