青藏铁路沿线湖泊及其与铁路最小距离演变研究  

Study on Evolutions of Lakes Along the Qinghai-Xizang Railway and the Minimum Distance from Lakes to the Railway

作　　者：于涛[1] 张圣杰 文莉娟 王梦晓 郑景元 牛瑞佳 YU Tao;ZHANG Shengjie;WEN Lijuan;WANG Mengxiao;ZHENG Jingyuan;NIU Ruijia(School of Petrochemical Engineering,Lanzhou University of Technology,Lanzhou 730050,Gansu,China;Qinghai Lake Comprehensive Observation and Research Station,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000,Gansu,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州理工大学石油化工学院,甘肃兰州730050 [2]中国科学院西北生态环境资源研究院青海湖综合研究观测站,甘肃兰州730000 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《高原气象》2025年第1期163-177,共15页Plateau Meteorology

基　　金：中国科学院“西部之光”项目(E129030101);甘肃省自然科学基金项目(22JR5RA073);国家自然科学基金项目(42275044);中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划项目(P2021G047)。

摘　　要：受全球气候变化影响,青藏高原湖泊近年来变化剧烈,充分了解湖泊演变特征及其驱动因素对保护沿湖重大工程设施有重要意义。基于青海湖与错那湖的Landsat遥感影像、面积数据和水位观测数据,本文对两湖演变及其与青藏铁路最小距离变化进行了细致研究,进一步结合中国区域高时空分辨率地面气象要素驱动数据集(CMFD)和气象站的气象数据,揭示了影响两湖水位变化的主要气象因子,结果表明:(1)1956-2004年青海湖呈退缩态势,2004年水位和面积达到最低值后转为逐渐增加,2004-2020年水位年均增长率为0.20 m·a^(-1),2004-2022年面积年均增长率为19.20 km^(2)·a^(-1)。2000-2018年的错那湖水位与从20世纪70年代至2022年的面积均呈轻微波动变化,水位和面积的年际最大变化值分别为0.60 m和9.98 km^(2)。(2)1990-2022年青海湖与青藏铁路最小距离先增加后减小,2004年后二者最小距离以19.6 m·a^(-1)的速率缩短,至2022年最小距离为74.3 m;2004-2022年错那湖与青藏铁路最小距离变化趋势不明显,至2022年二者最小距离为32.3 m。(3)青海湖的水位变化受风速、年降水量、向下短波辐射、向下长波辐射和比湿影响,贡献率分别为38%、24%、20%、14%和4%;错那湖水位变化主要受年降水量影响,其余气象因子与水位变化相关性不显著。Affected by global climate change,lakes on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau have undergone drastic changes in recent years.Understanding the characteristics of lake evolution and their driving factors is of great significance for the protection of major engineering facilities along the lakeshore.Based on Landsat remote sensing images,area data,and water level observation data of Qinghai Lake and Lake Cuona,this study conducted a detailed investigation into the evolution of the two lakes and their minimum distances from the Qinghai-Xizang Railway.Furthermore,by integrating the China Meteorological Forcing Dataset(CMFD)with high spatiotemporal resolution ground meteorological elements and meteorological data from meteorological stations,the main meteorological factors influencing water level changes in the two lakes were revealed.The results show:(1)From 1956 to 2004,Qinghai Lake exhibited a shrinking trend.After reaching their lowest values in water level and area in 2004,Qinghai Lake began to gradually increase.During the period from 2004 to 2020,the annual average growth rate of water level was 0.20 m·a^(-1),and the annual average growth rate of area was 19.20 km^(2)·a^(-1).The water level of Lake Cuona from 2000 to 2018 and the area from the 1970s to 2022 showed slight fluctuations.The maximum interannual fluctuation values of water level and area were 0.60 m and 9.98 km^(2),respectively.(2)From 1990 to 2022,the minimum distance between Qinghai Lake and the Qinghai-Xizang Railway first increased and then decreased.After 2004,the minimum distance between them decreased at a rate of 19.6 m·a^(-1),reaching 74.3 m by 2022.The change trend in the minimum distance between Lake Cuona and the Qinghai-Xizang Railway from 2004 to 2022 was not significant,reaching 32.3 m by 2022.(3)The water level changes of Qinghai Lake are influenced by wind speed,annual precipitation,downward shortwave radiation,downward longwave radiation,and specific humidity,with contributions of 38%,24%,20%,14%,and 4%respectively.The water level chang

关 键 词：青海湖 错那湖 青藏铁路 面积变化 水位变化 相关分析 

分 类 号：P461.5[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]