列车转向架底部包覆减阻及散热性能研究  

The Research on Aerodynamic Drag Reduction and Heat Dissipation Performance of Bogie Bottom Covering

作　　者：余以正 李宏伟 孙健 刘兆金 Yu Yizheng;Li Hongwei;Sun Jian;Liu Zhaojin(Key Laboratory of Aerodynamics Railway Industry,Central South University,Hunan,Changsha 410075,China;Changchun railway vehicles CO.,Ltd,Changchun,Jilin,China,130021)

机构地区：[1]中南大学空气动力学铁路行业重点实验室,湖南长沙410075 [2]中车长春轨道客车股份有限公司,吉林长春130021

出　　处：《铁道技术标准（中英文）》2024年第11期48-55,共8页Railway Technical Standard(Chinese & English)

基　　金：中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划(P2023J002)。

摘　　要：为进一步提升更高速动车组的气动性能,研究探讨高速列车转向架底部的气动性能和散热性能优化,重点分析不同包覆方案对列车整体性能的影响。通过仿真分析、风洞试验和实车测试,结果表明,采用全包侧裙板和底部包覆的结构显著降低气动阻力,分别减少6.2%和11.8%。在散热性能方面,实车测试及仿真分析表明,侧裙板包覆时,转向架舱内温度随速度的提升而增加,其中头车的温度增长更快,最高温度达到15.5℃,而在采用全包覆设计时,温度升高更明显,相对于侧裙板包覆,整体散热效果降低约20%,但转向架区域整体温度在可接受范围内。This study explores the optimization of aerodynamic and heat dissipation performance of the bottom of highspeed train bogies,focusing on the impact of different covering schemes on overall performance.Through simulations,wind tunnel tests,and real vehicle testing,the results indicate that using full side skirts and bottom coverings significantly reduces aerodynamic drag by 6.2%and 11.8%,respectively.In terms of heat dissipation performance,both real vehicle tests and simulations show that the temperature in the bogie compartment increases with speed,particularly in the front car,where the temperature rises rapidly,reaching a maximum of 15.5°C.In contrast,the full covering design leads to a more pronounced overall temperature increase,resulting in approximately a 20%reduction in heat dissipation effectiveness compared to the side skirt covering.Nevertheless,the temperature in the bogie area remains within acceptable limits,ensuring the normal operation of critical components.These findings provide important evidence for optimizing high-speed train performance and advance related technologies.

关 键 词：列车 底部包覆 减阻 散热 风洞试验 数值模拟 实车验证 

分 类 号：U270.32[机械工程—车辆工程]