基于蒸发皿蒸发量制定的华北地区冬小麦滴灌计划  

Drip irrigation scheduling of winter wheat planted in North China based on pan evaporation capacity of evaporating dishes

作　　者：范艺璇 吴占今 王晓森[1,2] 姜明梁 秦京涛 吕谋超 FAN Yixuan;WU Zhanjin;WANG Xiaosen;JIANG Mingliang;QIN Jingtao;LYU Mouchao(Institute of Farmland Irrigation,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xinxiang,Henan 453002,China;Key Laboratory of Water-saving Irrigation Engineering,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Xinxiang,Henan 453002,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所,河南新乡453002 [2]农业农村部节水灌溉工程重点实验室,河南新乡453002

出　　处：《排灌机械工程学报》2024年第12期1287-1296,共10页Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering

基　　金：中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目;新乡市科技攻关计划项目(GG2020023);河南省重点研发与推广专项-科技攻关项目(222102110022,222102110176)。

摘　　要：为了探究适用于华北地区基于蒸发皿蒸发量的冬小麦滴灌灌溉计划,通过在冬小麦冠层上方设置直径为20 cm的蒸发皿,研究不同灌水处理对土壤水分动态及冬小麦生长和产量的影响.试验设置2因素3水平裂区试验设计,2因素分别是累计水面蒸发量(E_(p))和蒸发皿系数(K_(p)),其灌水定额(I)由E_(p)和K_(p)相乘计算取得.由试验可知,灌溉对土壤含水率的影响主要集中在(0,60]cm土层,(60,100]cm土层土壤含水率随生育期推进逐渐降低;灌水量越少,对土壤储水的消耗越大,而总耗水量则随之降低.滴灌处理的小麦株高、叶面积指数、产量和水分利用效率(WUE)显著高于地面灌处理(CK)(P<0.05),不同的E_(p)和K_(p)的主效应对小麦的株高、叶面积指数、穗数、穗粒数、产量和WUE影响均达显著水平,而千粒质量则是E_(p)和E_(p)与K_(p)的交互效应对其有显著影响.通过基于主成分的灌水处理寻优分析发现滴灌条件下的E_(p2)K_(p3)处理更有利于小麦生长发育和产量及WUE提升.经过综合分析,E_(p2)K_(p3)处理为最优处理,即冬小麦进入返青期后累计水面蒸发量为40 mm,蒸发皿系数在返青期至拔节期为0.7、拔节期至灌浆期为1.0和灌浆期至乳熟期为0.8处理的产量和WUE均最大,产量为9920.27 kg/hm^(2),WUE可达23.35 kg/(mm·hm^(2)).In order to explore the drip irrigation strategy for winter wheat based on the pan evaporation in North China,a 20 cm diameter evaporating dish was positioned above the winter wheat canopy.The setup was utilized to study the effects of different irrigation treatments on soil water dynamics,growth and yield of winter wheat.The split-plot experiment was designed with 2 factors and 3 levels.The two factors were cumulative water evaporation(E_(p))and pan coefficient(K_(p)),and the irrigation water quota(I)was obtained by multiplying E_(p) and K_(p).According to the experiment,the effects of irrigation on soil water content were mainly concentrated in(0,60]cm soil layer,and the soil moisture content in the(60,100]cm soil layer gradually decreased with the growth of winter wheat.The less irrigation amount resulted in the greater consumption of water in soil and the total water consumption decreased accordingly.The wheat plant height,leaf area index,yield and water use efficiency(WUE)of winter wheat under drip irrigation were significantly higher than those under surface irrigation(CK)(P<0.05).The main effects of different E_(p) and K_(p) treatments on plant height,leaf area index,spike number,grain number per spike,yield and WUE of wheat were all significant,while the thousand-grain weight quality was significantly affected by the the interaction effect of E_(p) and E_(p) with K_(p).Through principal component based on the optimization analysis of irrigation treatments,it was found that the E_(p2) K_(p3) treatment under the drip irrigation was the best to improve the growth,yield and WUE of wheat.The E_(p2) K_(p3) treatment was found to be the optimal treatment which held the highest yield and WUE,and that′s when the cumulative pan water evaporation attained 40 mm after the re-greening period of winter wheat.The drip irrigation was implemented with the K_(p) of 0.7,1.0 and 0.8 at the re-greening to join-ting,jointing to filling and filling to milk maturity stages of wheat,respectively.The treatment had the highest yi

关 键 词：滴灌 蒸发皿蒸发量 冬小麦 产量 水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]