刑事一体化视野下《刑法》第37条的司法适用--基于1097份司法文书的实证分析  

The Judicial Application of Article 37 of the Criminal Law under the Perspective of Criminal Integration——An Empirical Analysis based on 1,097 Judicial Documents

作　　者：郭蕤奇 Guo Ruiqi

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学刑事法律科学研究中心 [2]中国人民大学

出　　处：《青少年犯罪问题》2024年第6期38-54,共17页Issues on Juvenile Crimes and Delinquency

摘　　要：随着轻罪立法的增多,我国的犯罪结构发生了重大变化,轻罪案件的占比显著上升。在此背景下,作为法院定罪免刑和检察院相对不起诉的共同依据,《刑法》第37条具有重要的实践意义。但实证分析表明,司法实践在适用第37条时存在三点主要缺陷:司法机关通常只回应第37条的部分文字内容,对于具体事由的量刑说理语焉不详,且对定罪免刑和相对不起诉这两种性质与后果迥异的司法处断采用相同的论证路径和论证理由。这导致第37条难以发挥应有的作用。未来对第37条的理论研究必须着眼于实践缺陷,将重心置于刑罚论与量刑理论。首先,要重新检讨刑罚的正当化根据,用“通过报应实现目的”的论证模式化解并合论“二律背反”的困境。其次,论证犯罪概念的独立性以及犯罪与刑罚的可分离性,从中区分出“应罚性”与“需罚性”,将其分别对应于“犯罪情节轻微”和“不需要判处刑罚”,并将传统归于“责任刑”与“预防刑”的量刑情节重新分类。最后,区分“定罪后是否免刑”的需罚性和“是否要提起公诉”的需罚性,为定罪免刑和相对不起诉设立不同的判断标准。With the increase in legislation on minor offences,the structure of crime in China has undergone significant changes,with a significant increase in the proportion of minor offence cases.Against this background,article 37 of the Criminal Law is of great practical significance as a common basis for courts to convict and exonerate and for procuratorates to refrain from prosecuting in relative terms.However,empirical analyses show that there are three major shortcomings in the application of Article 37 in judicial practice:the judicial organs usually only respond to part of the text of Article 37,but are silent on the reasoning of sentencing for specific causes,and use the same argumentative paths and justifications for the two judicial decisions of the nature and consequences of the conviction of exempting from sentencing and the relative non-prosecution.This leads to Article 37 is difficult to play the proper role.In the future,the theoretical study of Article 37 must focus on the practical shortcomings,and put the focus on the theory of punishment and sentencing theory.Firstly,the justification of punishment should be re-examined,and the dilemma of the‘dichotomy’of the juxtaposition theory should be resolved by using the argumentation model of‘achieving the purpose through retribution’.Secondly,it argues for the independence of the concept of crime and the separability of crime and punishment,distinguishing between‘punishable’and‘punishable’,which correspond to‘minor offences’and‘not liable to punishment’,respectively.The distinction is made between‘punishable’and‘punishable’,corresponding respectively to‘minor offence’and‘no penalty’,and the reclassification of sentencing circumstances traditionally classified as‘liability’and‘preventive’.Lastly,a distinction is made between the punitive nature of‘whether or not the sentence will be waived upon conviction’and the punitive nature of‘whether or not a public prosecution will be initiated’,and different judgemen

关 键 词：定罪免刑 相对不起诉 刑罚正当化根据 应罚性 需罚性 

分 类 号：D924.1[政治法律—刑法学]