制退器弯曲侧孔平滑导流与侧壁增压特性研究  

Smooth diversion and side wall pressurization characteristics of curved side holes in muzzle brake

作　　者：邓子龙 邱明[1] 宋杰[1] 陶宇翔 Deng Zilong;Qiu Ming;Song Jie;Tao Yuxiang(School of Mechanical Engineering,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,China)

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学机械工程学院,江苏南京210094

出　　处：《南京理工大学学报》2024年第6期709-718,共10页Journal of Nanjing University of Science and Technology

基　　金：国防基础科研项目(JCKY2021209B016)。

摘　　要：针对目前炮口制退器中制退效率低的问题,提出在制退器中设计U型弯曲侧孔方案,从而实现平滑导入火药燃气流向侧后方喷出,达到通过增加弯曲孔侧壁压力和高压气体持续作用时间实现大幅度降低后坐冲量的目的。以某30 mm航炮制退器为应用案例,以弹丸到达膛口位置时的膛内气流状态作为初始条件,采用静止区域划分多面体网格、运动区域划分六面体结构网格的计算方法,将U型弯曲侧孔制退器与直斜侧孔制退器进行对比,分析弹丸经过弯曲侧孔时制退器内和侧孔内的气体流动特点和压力分布情况。结果表明:相比于直斜侧孔,U型弯曲侧孔能更平滑地导入膛内高压火药气体并使出口速度提高至2500 m/s。弯曲侧孔的最大制退力相比于斜侧孔最大制退力提高了11.8%,弯曲孔侧壁增压且压力分布更均匀合理,并增加高压气体作用时间,反后坐冲量提高10.8%。To address the current issue of low recoil reduction efficiency in muzzle brakes,a design proposal is introduced that incorporates U-shaped curved side ports within the brake.This design aims to smoothly guide the propellant gas flow towards the rear side,thereby significantly reducing the recoil impulse by increasing the pressure on the curved port sidewalls and prolonging the effect of the high-pressure gas.Using a 30 mm aircraft cannon muzzle brake as a case study,and taking the internal gas flow state at the moment the projectile reaches the muzzle as the initial condition,a calculation method involving polyhedral meshing for stationary regions and hexahedral meshing for dynamic regions is employed.A comparison is made between the U-shaped curved side port brake and the straight-slanted side port brake,analyzing the gas flow characteristics and pressure distribution within the brake and side ports when the projectile passes through the curved side port.Results show that,compared to the straight-slanted side port,the U-shaped curved side port more smoothly introduces high-pressure propellant gas into the muzzle and increases the exit velocity to 2500 m/s.The maximum recoil force of the curved side port is 11.8%higher than that of the slanted side port,as the curved port sidewall provides increased and more uniform pressure distribution,and extends the duration of high-pressure gas action,thereby improving the recoil reduction by 10.8%.

关 键 词：中间弹道 制退器 弯曲侧孔 动网格 三维流场 制退力 

分 类 号：TJ385[兵器科学与技术—火炮、自动武器与弹药工程]