水环境中全氟和多氟烷基物质(PFAS)的分析技术与分布特征  

Advances in Analysis Technology and Distribution Characteristics of PFAS in the Aqueous Environment

作　　者：车晓佳 葛林科 杨妍 郑金帅 张蓬 贺广凯[3] 马宏瑞 CHE Xiaojia;GE Linke;YANG Yan;ZHENG Jinshuai;ZHANG Peng;HE Guangkai;MA Hongrui(School of Environmental Science and Engineering,Shaanxi University of Science&Technology,Xi'an 710021,China;Lancaster Environment Centre,Lancaster University,Lancaster LA14YQ,United Kingdom;State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Coastal Ecosystem,National Marine Environment Monitoring Center,Dalian 116023,China)

机构地区：[1]陕西科技大学环境科学与工程学院,陕西西安710021 [2]Lancaster Environment Centre,Lancaster University,Lancaster LA14YQ [3]国家海洋环境监测中心,国家环境保护近岸海域生态环境重点实验室,辽宁大连116023

出　　处：《中国环境监测》2024年第6期28-44,共17页Environmental Monitoring in China

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(21976045,22076112,21577029);中国国家留学基金(202308610123);国家环境保护近岸海域生态环境重点实验室开放基金(202102)。

摘　　要：新污染物全氟和多氟烷基物质(PFAS)因具有持久性、长距离迁移性、生物积累性和生物毒性而受到广泛关注。水环境是PFAS重要的汇,相关学者已对其污染状况开展了大量研究。通过梳理相关文献发现,目前的研究在PFAS分析技术、分布特征及其在水和沉积物之间的分配机理方面有了一些突破。鉴于此,总结了水环境中PFAS的前处理和检测技术,讨论了其在国内外地表水环境中的空间分布及污染特征,着重评述了PFAS在固相基质中的吸附机理及影响因素,最后展望了PFAS类新污染物的研究方向。As emerging pollutants,per-and polyfuoroalkyl substances(PFAS)have been received increasing attention because of their persistence,long-range transport,bioaccumulation,and biological toxicity.The aqueous environment is an important sink of PFAS,of which the pollution status has been studied extensively.On the basis of literature,we found some breakthroughs in PFAS analysis technology,distribution characteristics,and the partition mechanisms between water and sediment.Therefore,this review summarized the pretreatment and detection technologies of PFAS from the aqueous environment,and discussed their spatial distribution and pollution characteristics in the surface waters over the world.Also,adsorption mechanisms and corresponding effects of PFAS in the solid-phase matrices were highlighted.Finally,the research prospects about the new pollutants were proposed.

关 键 词：全氟和多氟烷基物质 前处理 分析方法 分布特征 影响因素 

分 类 号：X832[环境科学与工程—环境工程]