巨厚煤层分层开采覆岩“两带”发育探测及破断特征  

Fracture structure of the overburden in the layered mining of extremely thick coal seams:Developmental patterns of caving zones and hydraulically conductive fracture zones and fracture characteristics

作　　者：张鑫 陈优阔 孟海伦 覃启发 程香港 黄荣杰 董海瑞 孙文斌 乔伟[3] ZHANG Xin;CHEN Youkuo;MENG Hailun;QIN Qifa;CHENG Xianggang;HUANG Rongjie;DONG Hairui;SUN Wenbin;QIAO Wei(Shandong Energy Group South America Co.,Ltd.,Qingdao 266000,China;Shandong Energy Group Construction Group Co.,Ltd.,Jining 273500,China;School of Resources and Geosciences,China University of Mining and Technology,Xuzhou 221116,China;Beijing Tanchuang Resources Technology Co.,Ltd.,Jining 272000,China)

机构地区：[1]山东能源集团南美有限公司,山东青岛266000 [2]山东能源集团建工集团有限公司,山东济宁273500 [3]中国矿业大学资源与地球科学学院,江苏徐州221116 [4]北京探创资源科技股份有限公司,山东济宁272000

出　　处：《煤田地质与勘探》2024年第12期106-117,共12页Coal Geology & Exploration

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42472334);深地国家科技重大专项青年科学家课题(2024ZD1004208);江苏高校优势学科建设工程项目;国家留学基金项目(202206420039)。

摘　　要：【目的】我国新疆准南煤田煤炭资源丰富,矿井水害严重制约着该区域煤炭安全高效生产。顶板导水裂隙是工作面回采产生的主要导水通道,进行巨厚煤层分层开采条件下顶板导水裂隙发育规律研究尤为关键。【方法】以新疆硫磺沟煤矿(9-15)08工作面为研究区,通过地面探查孔、钻孔电窥视等方法,实测不同开采条件下覆岩“两带”发育特征,通过数值模拟,分析多煤层下行式开采导水裂隙带发育规律,分析巨厚煤层分层开采覆岩运移及破断特征,探究覆岩破断结构模式。【结果和结论】结果表明:巨厚煤层分层开采对导水裂隙带的发育有一定抑制作用,由于分层数量增加,覆岩破坏程度逐渐加剧,导致其力学性质降低且裂隙增多,表现出“软弱”层特性,进而抑制导水裂隙带向上发育。此外,巨厚煤层分层开采时覆岩破断结构总体上呈“宏观-大-小”结构,其中,在采动影响范围内,宏观上呈压力拱结构。而由于高、低位岩层岩体垮落和铰接作用,使得高位覆岩呈现高位梁式大结构,而低位岩体受分层叠加开采的影响,垮落带内岩体铰接点的连线整体宏观呈连续的“M”形,呈“M”形铰接小结构。研究结果可为巨厚煤层采场事故形成机制、灾害防控提供理论依据和指导。[Objective]The Zhunnan Coalfield,a coalfield on the southern margin of the Junggar Basin in Xinjiang,boasts abundant coal resources.However,water hazards in mines severely constrain the safe and efficient coal production in the coalfield.Since hydraulically conductive fractures in roofs serve as primary hydraulically conductive channels formed in the mining of the mining face,it is particularly crucial to investigate the developmental patterns of these fractures during the layered mining of extremely thick coal seams.[Methods]This study explored the(9-15)08 mining face of the Liuhuanggou Coal Mine in Xinjiang.Using ground exploration holes and borehole televiewers,this study ex-amined the developmental characteristics of the caving zone and hydraulically conductive fracture zones in the overbur-den under different mining conditions.Through numerical simulations,this study delved into the developmental patterns of hydraulically conductive fracture zones in the descending mining of multiple coal seams,analyzed the migration and fracture characteristics of the overburden in the layered mining of extremely thick coal seams,and explored the patterns of the fracture structural of the overburden.[Results and Conclusion]The results indicate that the layered mining of ex-tremely thick coal seams somewhat inhibits the development of hydraulically conductive fracture zones.Due to the in-crease in the number of layers,the degree of overburden damage gradually intensifies,its mechanical properties de-crease,and cracks increase.As a result,the overburden exhibits the characteristics of weak layers,thereby inhibiting the upward development of hydraulically conductive fracture zones.Under the layered mining of extremely thick coal seams,the fracture structure of the overburden generally presents a macro-large-small pattern.Macroscopically,the frac-ture structure displays a pressure arch structure within the mining influence range.Additionally,because of the caving and hinge of rock masses in high-and low-lying strata,the high-ly

关 键 词：巨厚煤层 分层开采 导水裂隙带 破断结构 新疆准南煤田 

分 类 号：TD325[矿业工程—矿井建设]