掘进工作面地质构造探测频谱声学方法试验研究  

An experimental study of the application of the spectral acoustic method to the advance detection of geologic structures in tunnelling working site

作　　者：张建国 冯志成[1] 魏风清 马骥[1] 赵锴 王满 郭明功[2] ШиловВладимирИванович ZHANG Jianguo;FENG Zhicheng;WEI Fengqing;MA Ji;ZHAO Kai;WANG Man;GUO Minggong;ШиловВладимирИванович(College of Safety Science and Engineering,Henan Polytechnic University,Jiaozuo 454000,China;Pingdingshan Tianan Coal Mining Co.Ltd.,Pingdingshan 467000,China;Interdisciplinary Scientific and Technical Laboratory for Development,Manufacture and Application of Automated Systems into Mining Industry,Moscow 111625,Russia;Henan Ge’er Safety Technology Co.Ltd.,Jiaozuo 454000,China)

机构地区：[1]河南理工大学安全科学与工程学院,河南焦作454000 [2]平顶山天安煤业股份有限公司,河南平顶山467000 [3]矿业自动化系统开发、制造和应用跨学科科学技术实验室,俄罗斯莫斯科111625 [4]河南歌尔安全科技有限公司,河南焦作454000

出　　处：《煤田地质与勘探》2024年第12期170-178,共9页Coal Geology & Exploration

基　　金：外国专家重点支撑计划项目(ZDKY2023042L)。

摘　　要：【目的】煤矿生产实践证明,绝大多数煤与瓦斯突出受地质构造的控制,且主要发生在掘进工作面。因此,地质构造连续超前探测是防治掘进工作面煤与瓦斯突出的重要技术手段,对保证矿井安全生产具有重要意义。【方法】基于频谱声学方法在俄罗斯多年的研究成果,利用掘进机割煤时激发的人工声学信号在顶板岩层弱化接触面处产生的谐振现象,构建以应力指标和频率指标为基础的地质构造预测系数,通过地震检波器、监测分站、工业环网、监测主机组成的监测预警系统,实时计算分析相对应力系数、频谱最大值频率和地质构造预测系数,实现掘进工作面地质构造的实时监测预警。中俄双方合作并在平顶山天安煤业股份有限公司八矿己_(15)-15080风巷掘进工作面进行了试验研究,试验工作面连续推进756 m,共揭露断层7个。【结果和结论】试验结果表明:(1)地质构造监测指标异常区的分布与工作面地质构造的分布具有较好的一致性,工作面地质构造均分布在地质构造监测指标异常区内,在地质构造揭露前一定范围内,地质构造预测系数一定增大并超过其临界值,地质构造预测系数临界值可取7,对地质构造监测预警的可靠性可达100%。(2)按工作面至断层走向的法向距离计算,超前预警距离为6.5~27.3 m,沿工作面掘进方向计算,超前预警距离为13.5~44.0 m。(3)地质构造预测系数在断层两侧的分布形态可分为两类单翼型和双翼型,断层上盘或者下盘其中一盘的地质构造预测系数超过临界值的属于单翼型,断层上盘和下盘的地质构造预测系数都超过临界值的属于双翼型。(4)根据断层面和断层上下盘的相对应力系数的分布情况,断层附近的应力应变状态可分为单侧高应力区、双侧高应力区和整体高应力区,高应力区至断层面的距离一般为3.2~28.0 m。研究结果为掘进工作面地质构[Objective]The practice of coal mine production has proved that the vast majority of coal and gas outbursts are controlled by geological structures,and mainly occur in tunnelling working site.Therefore,continuous advanced detection of geological structures is an important technical means to prevent and control coal and gas outbursts in tunnelling working site,and is of great significance to ensure safe production in mines.[Methods]Based on the research results of spectral acoustic method in Russia for many years,the resonance phenomenon generated at the weakened contact surface of the roof rock layer by the artificial acoustic signal excited by the coal cutting machine is utilized to construct the prediction coefficient of geological structure based on the stress index and frequency index.Through the monitoring and early warning system composed of seismometer,monitoring sub-station,industrial ring network,and monitoring host,the relative stress coefficient,spectral maximum frequency and geological structure prediction coefficient are calculated and analyzed in real time to realize the real-time monitoring and early warning of the geological structure of the tunnelling working site.Through cooperation between Chinese and Russian teams,an experimental study was conducted on the tunnelling working site of ventilation tunnel J_(15)-15080 in the Eighth Coal Mine of Pingdingshan Tianan Coal Mining Co.,Ltd.During the experiment,the tunnelling working site advanced continuously for 756 m,with seven faults being exposed.[Results and Conclusions]The experimental results demonstrate the high consistency between the anomaly areas of the monitoring indicator(i.e.,the geologic structure prediction coefficient)of geologic structures and distribution of geologic structures in the mining face,with all geologic structures in the mining face identified within the anomaly areas of the monitoring indicator.At a certain distance in front of the exposed geologic structures,the geologic structure prediction coefficient inevitably increa

关 键 词：人工声学信号 频谱声学 地质构造 地质构造预测系数 相对应力系数 

分 类 号：TD713[矿业工程—矿井通风与安全]