电磁加载膨胀环试验技术的发展及应用  

Development and application of electromagnetic loading expansion ring test technology

作　　者：刘宗兴 张春阳 曹苗 陈斐颖 刘军[1,2,3] 李玉龙 LIU Zongxing;ZHANG Chunyang;CAO Miao;CHEN Feiying;LIU Jun;LI Yulong(School of Aeronautics,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710072,China;National Key Laboratory of Strength and Structural Integrity,Xi’an 710072,China;Joint International Research Laboratory of Impact Dynamics and Engineering Application,Xi’an 710072,China;School of Civil Aviation,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710072,China)

机构地区：[1]西北工业大学航空学院,西安710072 [2]强度与结构完整性全国重点实验室,西安710072 [3]冲击动力学及其工程应用国际联合研究中心,西安710072 [4]西北工业大学民航学院,西安710072

出　　处：《力学进展》2024年第4期639-668,共30页Advances in Mechanics

摘　　要：电磁加载膨胀环试验技术是实现高应变率拉伸加载的重要手段,可实现应变率10^(4)s^(−1)量级的一维拉伸加载.洛伦兹力作为一种体力均匀施加于膨胀环试样,避免了面力加载的波传播效应,且环形试样结构的特点避免了传统狗骨形试样末端夹持效应的影响,因此,电磁加载膨胀环试验技术被广泛应用于材料在高应变率下的拉伸力学行为研究.本文首先介绍了膨胀环试验技术的基本原理,回顾了膨胀环试验加载技术的发展历史以及应用于膨胀环试验的测试技术发展情况.然后对电磁加载膨胀环试验技术的应用进行了综述,梳理了该试验技术在材料动态力学性能、动态断(碎)裂行为、动态延性行为、高温绝热特性等方面的前沿研究进展.最后讨论了电磁加载膨胀环试验技术在固体力学领域的发展前景与方向.为从事材料动态力学行为试验技术领域的科研工作者提供较为系统的信息参考,同时为那些对电磁加载膨胀环试验技术感兴趣的青年科研人员提供本领域系统全面的知识.Electromagnetic loading expansion ring test technology is an important means to achieve high strain rate tensile loading,capable of achieving strain rates on the order of 10^(4)s^(−1)for one-dimensional tensile loading.Electromagnetic Lorentz forces are uniformly applied to the expansion ring specimens as a body force,and the dynamic loading process does not involve stress wave propagation effects.Moreover,the characteristic structure of the ring specimens avoids the end grip effects seen with traditional dog-bone-shaped specimens.Therefore,electromagnetic loading expansion ring test technology is widely used in the study of the tensile mechanical behavior of materials at high strain rates.This paper first introduces the basic principles of dynamic loading expansion ring test technology,then discusses the disadvantages of explosion-driven expansion ring test technology and the advantages of electromagnetic-driven expansion ring test technology,and reviews the development history of electromagnetic loading expansion ring test technology.It then summarizes the cutting-edge research progress of electromagnetic loading expansion ring test technology in the dynamic mechanical properties of materials,dynamic fracture behavior,dynamic ductile behavior,and high-temperature adiabatic properties.Finally,it discusses the development prospects and directions of electromagnetic loading expansion ring test technology in the field of solid mechanics.This provides a relatively systematic reference for researchers engaged in the experimental technology field of dynamic mechanical behavior of materials and offers a comprehensive and systematic knowledge of the field for young researchers interested in electromagnetic loading expansion ring test technology.

关 键 词：电磁加载 膨胀环 高应变率 拉伸力学行为 动态断(碎) 裂行为 动态延 性行为 高温绝热性能 

分 类 号：O347.3[理学—固体力学]