可编程多物理机制的力学超材料  

Programmable multi-physical mechanics of mechanical metamaterials

作　　者：Sinha P Mukhopadhyay T 王智宇(译) 谢晶(译)[3] Sinha P;Mukhopadhyay T(Department of Aerospace Engineering,Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur,Kanpur,India 208016;School of Engineering,University of Southampton,Southampton,UK SO171BJ)

机构地区：[1]印度理工学院航空工程系,坎普尔,印度208016 [2]英国南安普顿大学工学院,南安普顿,英国SO171BJ [3]北京理工大学

出　　处：《力学进展》2024年第4期823-871,共49页Advances in Mechanics

基　　金：北京市海淀联合创新基金L212017资助.

摘　　要：力学超材料是一种有别于传统力学行为的工程材料,它源于人工可编程的微结构以及材料的固有属性.在过去的十年中,随着计算性能和复杂微观结构制造能力的巨大进步,力学超材料已经吸引了研究人员的广泛关注,因为它能够实现自然界中不可能出现的多重物理属性.该领域迅速崛起的趋势之一是将材料行为和单元结构与其他不同的多种物理因素(如电场或磁场)以及温度、光或化学反应等刺激相结合,从而扩大按需主动调制力学响应的范围.在本文中,我们旨在概述有关超材料的力学和多物理性质调制的相关文献,重点介绍双能级设计的新兴趋势,着重讨论力学超材料在关键工程领域应用中的巨大潜力.本文对该领域的发展趋势、挑战和未来路线进行了系统深入分析,涵盖实时可重构性和功能编程、4D打印、纳米超材料、人工智能和机器学习、多物理折纸/剪纸、活性物质、软物质和保形超材料、复杂微结构制造、服役寿命效应和可扩展性等概念.Mechanical metamaterials are engineered materials with unconventional mechanical behavior that originates from artificially programmed microstructures along with intrinsic material properties.With tremendous advancement in computational and manufacturing capabilities to realize complex microstructures over the last decade,the field of mechanical metamaterials has been attracting wide attention due to immense possibilities of achieving unprecedented multi-physical properties which are not attainable in naturally-occurring materials.One of the rapidly emerging trends in this field is to couple the mechanics of material behavior and the unit cell architecture with different other multiphysical aspects such as electrical or magnetic fields,and stimuli like temperature,light or chemical reactions to expand the scope of actively programming on-demand mechanical responses.In this article,we aim to abridge outcomes of the relevant literature concerning mechanical and multi-physical property modulation of metamaterials focusing on the emerging trend of bi-level design,and subsequently highlight the broad-spectrum potential of mechanical metamaterials in their critical engineering applications.The evolving trends,challenges and future roadmaps have been critically analyzed here involving the notions of real-time reconfigurability and functionality programming,4D printing,nanoscale metamaterials,artificial intelligence and machine learning,multi-physical origami/kirigami,living matter,soft and conformal metamaterials,manufacturing complex microstructures,service-life effects and scalability.

关 键 词：力学超材料 按需特性调制 多物理力学 可编程物质 双级点阵 主动超材 料 刺激响应材料 

分 类 号：O341[理学—固体力学]