不同日粮营养水平对火鸡生长性能及血清生化指标影响的研究  

Study on Effects of Different Dietary Nutritional Levels on Growth Performance and Serum Biochemical Indicators of Turkeys

作　　者：邬立刚[1] 郑怀军 岳增华[1] WU Ligang;ZHENG Huaijun;YUE Zenghua(Heilongjiang Vocational College of Agricultural Technology,Heilongjiang Jiamusi 154007,China;Gongzhuling Hefeng Ruminant Feed Co.,Ltd.,Jilin Gongzhuling 136100,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江农业职业技术学院,黑龙江佳木斯154007 [2]公主岭禾丰反刍饲料有限责任公司,黑龙江公主岭136100

出　　处：《饲料工业》2024年第24期47-53,共7页Feed Industry

摘　　要：选择1日龄尼古拉火鸡360只,按体重相近,性别各半的原则,随机分成9组,每组设4个重复,每个重复10只。试验按0~4周龄和5~8周龄两个阶段进行。采用3×3双因子试验设计,常规蛋白质水平日粮(玉米-豆粕型、玉米-低豆粕添加型、糙米-玉米-低豆粕添加型),降低2%蛋白质水平日粮(玉米-豆粕型、玉米-低豆粕添加型、糙米-玉米-低豆粕添加型),降低4%蛋白质水平日粮(玉米-豆粕型、玉米-低豆粕添加型、糙米-玉米-低豆粕添加型)。试验结果表明,与玉米-豆粕型、标准蛋白质水平日粮相比,降低2%蛋白质水平日粮组火鸡采食量、料肉比、体增重差异不显著(P>0.05);降低4%蛋白质水平日粮组火鸡采食量差异不显著(P>0.05),但料肉比显著增高(P<0.05),体增重显著降低(P<0.05)。适当添加棉籽粕、菜籽粕、玉米蛋白粉、DDGS等原料,降低豆粕添加量的日粮对火鸡的增重及饲料利用率无显著影响(P>0.05),用糙米大比例替代玉米添加并平衡日粮营养水平,火鸡的生产性能也未受到影响,而且也降低了豆粕的添加量。日粮蛋白质水平对血清中尿酸(UA)含量有显著性影响,当日粮蛋白质水平从25%降低到21%时,血清中,UA含量极显著降低了27.1%,差异极显著(P<0.01),而同蛋白质水平,玉米-豆粕型日粮与多元化原料添加日粮相比UA的含量差异不显著(P>0.05)。饲粮蛋白质水平对血清中总蛋白(TP)、胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、白蛋白(ALB)含量均无显著影响(P>0.05)。火鸡日粮蛋白质水平在0~4周龄阶段降低至25%,5~8周龄阶段降低至23%,并适当添加棉籽粕、菜籽粕、玉米蛋白粉、DDGS、糙米等原料以降低豆粕的使用,而火鸡的生长速度及饲料利用率未受影响,可显著降低饲养成本。One-day-old Nicholas turkeys were raised,and a total of 360 turkeys with similar weight were randomly divided into 9 groups with 4 replicates in each group and 10 turkeys in each replicate(sex ratio 1/1).The experiment was carried out in the stages of 0-4 weeks and 5-8 weeks.An experimental design with 3×3 two-factor was used,with three meal type diets(corn-soybean,corn-low soybean and brown-corn-low soybean)and three protein levels(normal protein level,2%decreased protein level and 4%decreased protein level),respectively.The results showed that there was no significant difference in turkeys′food intake,body weight gain and feed conversion ratio between corn-soybean diet with normal protein level and 2%decreased protein level(P>0.05).Compare with corn-soybean diet with normal protein level turkeys,turkeys in 4%decreased groups showed no significant difference in food intake,while the feed conversion ratio was significantly increased,meanwhile body weight gain was significantly decreased(P>0.05).The proper addition of raw materials such as cottonseed meal,rapeseed meal,corn gluten meal and DDGS instead of soybean in the diet had no significant effect on the weight gain and feed utilization rate of turkeys(P>0.05).Adding brown rice instead of a large proportion of corn reducing the amount of soybean meal without affecting the growth performance.The protein levels of diets had a significant effect on the serum UA content.The UA content in serum is markedly decreased by 27.1%when the protein level of diet reduced from 25%to 21%(P<0.01),while there was no significant difference in UA between corn-soybean diet and diversified raw material diet with the same protein level(P>0.05).Dietary protein level had no significant effect on the contents of TP,TC,TG and ALB in serum(P>0.05).The protein level in the turkey diet is lowered to 25%in the 0-4 week age group and to 23%in the 5-8 week age group,and appropriate amounts of by-products such as cottonseed meal,rapeseed meal,corn gluten feed,DDGS,and rough rice are added to

关 键 词：尼古拉火鸡 日粮 蛋白质 生长性能 血清生化指标 

分 类 号：S816.32[农业科学—饲料科学]