直立走滑断层凹凸体附近闭锁程度和应力积累的时空演化:来自三维黏弹性数值模拟的视角  

Spatiotemporal evolution of interseismic coupling and stress accumulation near an asperity on a vertical strike-slip fault:Insights from three-dimensional viscoelastic numerical simulation

作　　者：李烨波 黄禄渊 姚瑞 田意伟 杨树新 LI Yebo;HUANG Luyuan;YAO Rui;TIAN Yiwei;YANG Shuxin(School of Emergency Management Science and Engineering,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 101408,China;National Institute of Natural Hazards,Ministry of Emergency Management of China,Beijing 100085,China;Institute of Geophysics,China Earthquake Administration,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院大学应急管理科学与工程学院,北京101408 [2]应急管理部国家自然灾害防治研究院,北京100085 [3]中国地震局地球物理研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《地质力学学报》2024年第6期878-892,共15页Journal of Geomechanics

基　　金：国家自然基金项目(42074111,42174120,41941017,U1939205);中国地震局地球物理研究所中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(DQJB22K43)。

摘　　要：了解断层凹凸体附近的运动学状态和应力积累对于评估其地震危险性至关重要。断层的闭锁程度被广泛用来刻画断层的震间运动学特征,但断层闭锁程度空间分布与凹凸体位置之间的关系很少被人关注。除此之外,地球介质的流变作用如何调节凹凸体附近滑动亏损和剪应力积累速率的时空演化目前仍不清楚。为揭示凹凸体对震间变形以及应力积累的调节作用,构建了包含直立走滑断层的三维弹性/黏弹性有限元模型,采用接触算法考虑凹凸体的闭锁作用,讨论单一凹凸体附近闭锁程度和剪应力积累速率的时空变化,并通过鲜水河断裂的实例对基于断层闭锁的震间变形方法进行验证。研究结果显示:由于凹凸体的锁定作用,距离凹凸体一定范围的断层面无法完全自由滑动,导致以凹凸体为中心的一定区域内存在滑动亏损,因此断层闭锁程度呈现出以凹凸体为中心的环状衰减样式;在完全弹性条件下,凹凸体附近区域的闭锁程度和剪应力积累速率不随时间变化;在黏弹性条件下,凹凸体附近区域的闭锁程度和剪应力积累速率等值线随时间的加载不断变大,且闭锁程度等值线随时间变化效应更加明显;对于断层两侧黏度存在差异的场景,由于断层两侧松弛时间不一样,断层的震间变形和应力积累速率主要受到松弛时间较低一侧介质流变性质控制。最终得出以下结论:由于介质的连续性,凹凸体邻近区域虽然不闭锁,但其滑动速率仍低于块体运动速度,从而导致闭锁程度的空间样式表现为由凹凸体向外逐渐衰减;黏弹性效应调节凹凸体附近的变形,导致凹凸体附近闭锁程度等值线空间范围随时间增大;断层闭锁程度可以近似作为衡量剪应力积累速率的指标,当不考虑黏弹性效应可以近似取0.5作为中强闭锁的阈值,低于该值剪应力积累不明显;考虑鲜水河断裂带炉霍至康定段的[Objective]Understanding the kinematic state and stress accumulation near fault protuberances is crucial for accurate assessment of earthquake hazards.Interseismic coupling(ISC)is a widely used method for characterizing the kinematic behavior of faults.Despite its importance,the correlation between the spatial distribution of ISC and the positioning of fault asperities,areas of increased frictional resistance,has not been extensively studied.Furthermore,the influence of the rheological properties of Earth materials on the temporal and spatial evolutions of slip deficits and shear stress accumulation in close proximity to these asperities remains poorly understood.[Methods]We developed a set of three-dimensional(3D)elastic and viscoelastic finite element models to investigate the effects of fault asperities on interseismic deformation and stress accumulation.These models incorporate vertical strike-slip faults and use sophisticated contact algorithms to simulate the mechanical locking associated with asperities.Our innovative approach,referred to as the“binary fault-locking approach”,simplifies fault behavior into a binary system,categorizing states as either“locked”or“unlocked”.The present study analyzes the spatial and temporal variations in the ISC and shear stress accumulation rates around a single asperity,providing novel insights into the mechanics of fault systems.In addition,we validate the efficacy of the“binary fault-locking approach”by applying it to the Xianshuihe fault,thereby reinforcing the relevance of our findings to real-world fault behavior.Through this study,we aim to enhance our understanding of fault mechanics and improve earthquake hazard assessments,which ultimately contributes to more effective risk-mitigation strategies.[Results]Because of the mechanical locking of the asperity,a fault-sliding surface within a certain distance from the asperity cannot slide freely,resulting in a slip deficit in an area centered around the asperity.Consequently,the degree of fault-locking d

关 键 词：数值模拟 凹凸体 震间闭锁程度 应力积累 黏弹性 地应力 地震动力学 

分 类 号：P315.727[天文地球—地震学] P553[天文地球—固体地球物理学]