汉代“中”器考——以寿县出土辟邪形双筒器为线索展开  

Study on Zhong vessels of the Han Dynasty--Take the bronze chimera-shaped double tube vessel unearthed from Shouxian County as a clue

作　　者：谢亦琛 Xie Yichen

机构地区：[1]天津市文物交流中心

出　　处：《文物季刊》2024年第4期85-93,共9页Journal of Chinese Antiquity

摘　　要：本文首先通过对实物资料进行梳理和比较,指出洛阳出土铜羽人、阜阳出土分铸式铜辟邪、寿县出土浑铸式铜辟邪和宝鸡玉辟邪等四种汉代双筒器皆具有一圆一方的双筒,应为同类品。然后,通过对寿县铜辟邪盛装了象牙算筹进行辨析,明确了双筒器的使用功能是盛装算筹的容器。最后,以相关考古发现为基础,结合《乡射礼》《大射仪》等文献典籍对双筒器的文化内涵进行了初步探索,提出汉代双筒器是仿效古礼“中”器制成,其用途是在“射礼”和“投壶礼”中盛装算筹、区别“八筭”和“余筭”,以及为释获者提供方位和区分左、右成绩的界线,并且反映了汉代的尊卑观念和鬼神信仰。This article first sorts out and compares the physical materials,and points out that 4 kinds of Han Dynasty double-tube vessels,including the bronze Yu-ren found in Luoyang,the separated bronze chimera found in Fuyang,the integrally-formed bronze chimera found in Shouxian,and the jade chimera found in Baoji,all have round and square double tubes which indicate they are similar artifacts.Then,by analyzing the ivory counting-rod which inserted in double tubes of Shouxian bronze chimera,clarified that the function of the double-tube vessels was to hold the counting-rod.Finally,based on relevant archaeological findings and historical documents such as“Xiangsheli”and“Dasheyi”,a preliminary exploration was conducted on the cultural connotation of the double-tube vessels.It was proposed that the double-tube vessels were made by imitating the“Zhong”in ancient rituals.In the process of shoot courtesy and pitch-pot courtesy,they were used to hold the counting-rod,separate eight counting-rod and others,and provide directions and boundary line for referee.Double-tube vessels shows the hierarchy and supernatural beliefs in the Han Dynasty.

关 键 词：铜羽人 玉辟邪 铜辟邪 鹿中 射礼 

分 类 号：K234[历史地理—历史学] K876.41[历史地理—中国史]