基于区块链的车联网跨域数据安全传输系统设计  

Design of blockchain-based cross-domain data security transmission system in Internet of Vehicles

作　　者：陈晨[1] 王斓凯 施佺 CHEN Chen;WANG Lankai;SHI Quan(Information Center,Nantong University,Nantong 226019,China;School of Transportation and Civil Engineering,Nantong University,Nantong 226019,China)

机构地区：[1]南通大学信息化中心,江苏南通226019 [2]南通大学交通与土木工程学院,江苏南通226019

出　　处：《现代电子技术》2025年第1期71-79,共9页Modern Electronics Technique

基　　金：江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目(SJCX24_2013);国家自然科学基金资助项目(62476145)。

摘　　要：为有效应对车联网系统在数据传输过程中的安全问题,提出一种基于区块链的车联网跨域数据安全传输系统。该系统将车联网安全数据传输过程划分为注册、安全通信与数据共享三个关键环节。在注册阶段,车辆和路边单元需要通过可信机构完成注册,以确保其的身份合法性;在通信阶段,为了减少路边单元与车辆频繁认证,设计了跨域认证的方法,保障数据传输的可靠性和完整性,并引入假名来保护用户隐私;在共享阶段,文中设计了基于多线程遍历共享广播森林的事务广播算法,利用广度优先搜索思想建立广播森林,并使用多线程遍历进行数据事务广播传输。实验仿真结果显示,文中方案的签名计算成本减少70%,验证计算成本减少41%;其次,在ER模型下,相比使用Gossip协议进行事务数据传输,该方案中交通数据事务总时间降低了93%;在BA模型下降低了87%。A blockchain-based cross-domain data security transmission system in IoV is proposed to address security concerns in the communication of IoV.In the proposed system,the security data communication is divided into three phases,namely registration,safety communication and data sharing.In the phase of registration,vehicles and road side units(RSUs)are required to register by trusted authorities,so as to ensure the legitimacy of their identities.In the phase of communication,a cross-domain authentication method is designed to ensure the reliability and integrity of data transmission,so as to reduce the frequent authentication between RSUs and vehicles,and pseudonym is introduced to protect user privacy.In the phase of sharing,a transaction broadcasting algorithm based on the shared broadcast forest of multi-threaded traversal is designed,the broadcast forest is established by the idea of breadth-first search,and the data transaction broadcast transmission is performed by multithreading traversal.The experimental results reveal a reduction in computational costs for signature and verification by 70%and 41%,respectively,in this solution.In addition,in comparison with the transaction data transmission with Gossip protocol,the total transaction time of traffic data after the application of this scheme is reduced by 93%in the ER(Erdös-Rényi)model,and reduced by 87%in the BA(Barabási-Albert)model.

关 键 词：区块链 车联网 身份认证 密钥协商 广播森林 数据安全传输系统 

分 类 号：TN919-34[电子电信—通信与信息系统]