基于物联网和弱反射光栅阵列的地质灾害监测系统设计与应用  

Design and application of geological disaster monitoring system based on IoT and weak-reflection fiber grating array

作　　者：张晓飞[1,2] 吕中虎 孟庆佳[1,2] 王晨辉 ZHANG Xiaofei;LÜZhonghu;MENG Qingjia;WANG Chenhui(Center for Hydrogeology and Environmental Geology Survey,CGS,Tianjin 300304,China;Technology Innovation Center for Geological Environment Monitoring,MNR,Baoding 071051,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局水文地质环境地质调查中心,天津300304 [2]自然资源部地质环境监测工程技术创新中心,河北保定071051

出　　处：《现代电子技术》2025年第1期144-150,共7页Modern Electronics Technique

基　　金：云南省科技计划项目:乌蒙山区重大地质灾害易灾机理和风险防控研究(202403AA080001);地质调查项目(DD20230442,DD20221813)。

摘　　要：我国是世界上地质灾害类型最多、地质灾害最严重的国家之一,而雨量监测和形变监测在地质灾害监测中发挥着越来越重要的作用,因此确保地质灾害监测系统的长期运行以及在降雨期间的稳定运行尤为重要。文中基于STM32微控制器、LORA模块、4G模块设计了一款物联网数据采集控制板,并结合压电式雨量传感器、拉绳位移传感器研制了雨量智能监测仪、裂缝位移智能监测仪;结合物联网数据采集控制板和弱反射光栅阵列传感技术构建了基于物联网的弱反射光栅地质灾害监测系统,实现了对地质灾害体的定时监测和降雨期间的自动监测;最后将雨量智能监测仪、裂缝位移智能监测仪和弱反射光栅地质灾害监测系统应用于桐梓县大河镇新场火车站新场滑坡、崩塌的监测实验中。监测数据表明,弱反射光栅监测系统测得传感光缆41#弱反射光栅传感段的位移变化达5 mm,在其附近的位移监测仪也测到有位移变化,可有效实现对地质灾害的定时监测和降雨期间的自动监测。China is one of the countries with the most types of and the most serious geological disasters in the world.Rain-fall monitoring and deformation monitoring play an increasingly important role in geological disaster monitoring,so it is particu-larly important to ensure the long-term operation of the geological disaster monitoring system and its stable operation during rain-fall.In view of the above,this paper designs an IoT data acquisition control board on the basis of the microcontroller STM32,LORA module and 4G module,and develops a rainfall intelligent monitor and a crack displacement intelligent monitor by com-bining piezoelectric rain sensor and drawstring displacement sensor.A weak-reflection fiber grating geological disaster monitoring system is constructed in combination with the IoT data acquisition control board and weak-reflection fiber grating array sensing technology,so as to realize the regular monitoring of geological disaster body and the automatic monitoring during rainfall.Fi-nally,the rainfall intelligent monitor,the crack displacement intelligent monitor and the weak-reflection fiber grating geological disaster monitoring system are applied to the monitoring experiment of the landslide and collapse of Xinchang Railway Station in Dahe Town,Tongzi County.The monitoring data show that the displacement changes of the No.41 weak-reflection fiber grating sensing section is up to 5 mm measured by the weak-reflection fiber grating monitoring system,and the displacement monitor nearby also detected the displacement changes.Therefore,the system can effectively realize the regular monitoring of geological disasters and automatic monitoring during rainfall.

关 键 词：弱反射光栅 地质灾害 物联网 雨量监测 位移监测 光纤传感 光栅传感器 滑坡监测 

分 类 号：TN29-34[电子电信—物理电子学]