2021年华北秋汛云系和水汽输送特征  

Characteristics of the Cloud System and Water Vapor Transport during the Autumn Flood in North China in 2021

作　　者：曹治强 毛冬艳[1,2] 王新 CAO Zhiqiang;MAO Dongyan;WANG Xin(Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites,National Satellite Meteorological Center(National Center for Space Weather),China Meteorological Administration,Beijing 100081;Innovation Center for FengYun Meteorological Satellite(FYSIC),Beijing 100081)

机构地区：[1]中国气象局中国遥感卫星辐射测量和定标重点开放实验室/国家卫星气象中心(国家空间天气监测预警中心),北京100081 [2]许健民气象卫星创新中心,北京100081

出　　处：《大气科学》2024年第6期2284-2299,共16页Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences

基　　金：高分气象行业应用示范系统(二期)32-Y30F08-9001-20/22;风云卫星先行计划项目FY-APP-2022.0110、FY-APP-2021.0113。

摘　　要：针对2021年华北秋汛期间3次持续性强降雨过程,利用卫星资料从大尺度、天气尺度和中尺度3个方面分析了其云系结构特征,并结合水汽输送通量计算,分析了其水汽输送特征。结果表明大尺度云系表现为暖式切变形态,强降雨出现在云系的南部,天气尺度云系表现为多次波动东移的特征,个别天气尺度云系上有中尺度对流云,但维持时间较短,强度相对较弱。3次持续性强降雨过程的整层水汽输送方向呈西南—东北走向,分层水汽输送表明水汽输送主要来自偏东方向和西南方向。其中偏东方向的水汽输送路径高度约为1000~850 hPa,是秋汛期间低层重要的水汽输送路径。卫星可见光云图上的云街排列方向与1000~850 hPa的水汽输送一致,定性的反映了低层的水汽输送方向。西南方向的水汽输送路径高度约为850~700 hPa和700~500 hPa,是最主要的水汽输送路径。In view of three persistent heavy rainfall processes during the autumn flood season in North China in 2021,the structural characteristics of the cloud system were analyzed from three aspects:large scale,synoptic scale,and mesoscale,using satellite data.Furthermore,the water vapor transport characteristics were examined together with calculating water vapor transport flux.The results show that the large-scale cloud system is characterized by warm shear,with strong rainfall occurring in the southern part of the cloud system.The synoptic scale cloud system is characterized by multiple fluctuations moving eastward.Mesoscale convective clouds are present on certain individual synoptic scale cloud systems,but their duration is relatively short,and their intensity is relatively weak.During the three consecutive heavy rainfall events,the entire layer of water vapor followed a southwest-to-northeast direction.Layered water vapor transport analysis indicates that the water vapor transport mainly stems from the easterly and southwestern directions.The easterly water vapor transport path,at a height of approximately 1000–850 hPa,is an important water vapor transport path in the lower layers during the autumn flood season.The arrangement direction of cloud streets on satellite visible channel images aligns with the water vapor transport at 1000–850 hPa,qualitatively reflecting the direction of water vapor transport in the lower layers.The height of the water vapor transport path in the southwest direction is approximately 850–700 hPa and 700–500 hPa,making it the most important water vapor transport path.

关 键 词：秋汛 水汽输送 强降雨 华北 

分 类 号：P458[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]