棉花脱叶剂喷施装备试验及分析  

Optimal design and experiment of cotton defoliatorspraying equipment

作　　者：马嘉昕 曾林涛 许晓东[1] 丁羽[1] MA Jiaxin;ZENG Lintao;XU Xiaodong;DING Yu(College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Tarim University Modern Agricultural Engineering Key Laboratory at Universities of Education Department of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,Alar,Xinjiang 843300)

机构地区：[1]塔里木大学机械电气化工程学院/新疆维吾尔自治区教育厅普通高等学校现代农业工程重点实验室,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《塔里木大学学报》2024年第4期54-64,共11页Journal of Tarim University

基　　金：新疆生产建设兵团第一师阿拉尔市科技计划项目(2020ZB04)。

摘　　要：新疆棉花采用矮化密植的栽培方式,这种栽培模式使得棉花叶片互相覆盖。传统喷雾机自上而下的喷施方式在这种情况下不太适用,导致了植株下层叶片的雾滴覆盖率不高,雾化效果差。为解决这一问题,本研究设计了一种适用于脱叶剂喷施的喷施装备,该设备喷杆架部分由横杆顶喷和吊杆侧喷2部分构成,从而实现了三方向的药液喷施。通过室内试验和数据分析,提出了一套棉花脱叶剂喷施参数优化方案。基于单因素试验对喷施装备具体参数进行了全面研究,工作参数中的横喷杆离地高度、吊杆离地高度以及吊杆喷头夹角被选为主要影响因素。使用Design Expert 13软件的回归分析和响应面分析方法对这些参数进行了优化,得到了最佳的喷施参数组合。结果表明,这3个因素对棉花植被层雾滴覆盖率的影响由大到小依次是:横喷杆离地高度、吊杆离地高度、吊杆喷头夹角。最优的喷施参数组合为吊杆离地高度26 cm、横喷杆离地高度135 cm、吊杆喷头夹角28°,此时的雾滴覆盖率最大值达到81.45%。脱叶剂喷施装备比普通悬挂型喷杆喷雾机叶片雾滴沉积量有显著提升,喷施更加均匀,撞落棉桃数每2 m 2不超过1个的条件符合设计合格的判定标准。这一研究结果为进一步改进和优化棉花脱叶剂喷施装备的参数提供了参考。In Xinjiang,cotton is cultivated using a dwarfing and close planting method,resulting in mutual leaf coverage among cotton plants.The traditional top-down spraying method using conventional sprayers is not suitable for this situation,leading to low leaf coverage and poor atomization of spray droplets at the lower parts of the plants.To address this issue,a spraying equipment suitable for cotton defoliant application has been designed.The spray bar rack of the equipment consists of two parts,horizontal bar top spray and suspension bar side spray,achieving three-directional spray application.Through indoor experiments and data analysis,an optimized parameter scheme for cotton defoliant spraying has been proposed.Specific parameters of the spraying equipment,including the height of the lateral spray bar from the ground,the height of the hanging rod from the ground,and the angle of the hanging rod spray head,were comprehensively studied using single-factor experiments.Using regression analysis and response surface methodology with Design-Expert 13 software,these parameters were optimized to obtain the best spray parameter combination.The results indicate that among these factors,the most influential to vegetation cover by spray droplets in the cotton plant canopy are,in descending order:lateral spray bar height,hanging rod height,and hanging rod spray head angle.The optimal spray parameter combination is identified as:hanging rod height of 26 cm,lateral spray bar height of 135 cm,and hanging rod spray head angle of 28°,yielding a predicted maximum vegetation cover rate of 81.45%.The defoliant spraying equipment significantly improves leaf droplet deposition compared to traditional hanging spray bar sprayers,resulting in more uniform application and meeting national standards with a cotton boll drop rate not exceeding one per 2 square meters.This study provides reference for further improvement and optimization of cotton defoliant spraying equipment parameters.

关 键 词：脱叶剂喷施 棉花 正交试验 

分 类 号：S224.3[农业科学—农业机械化工程]