两起波音737 MAX空难的致因分析:基于人—自动化交互的FLAP模型  

Cause Analysis of Two Boeing 737 MAX Crashes:Based on FLAP Model of Human-Automation Interaction

作　　者：王新野 王朔 林靖康 杜磊 WANG Xin-ye;WANG Shuo;LIN Jing-kang;DU Lei(School of Public Security,Northwestern University of Politics and Law,Xi’an 710122,China;School of Psychology,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi’an 710062,China;Tibet Airlines Co.,Ltd,Chengdu 610200,China)

机构地区：[1]西北政法大学公安学院,西安710122 [2]陕西师范大学心理学院,西安710062 [3]西藏航空有限公司,成都610200

出　　处：《应用心理学》2024年第6期483-494,共12页Chinese Journal of Applied Psychology

摘　　要：两起波音737 MAX飞机坠毁事故的调查认为,MACS存在致命设计缺陷是导致两起空难的直接原因。MACS的运行逻辑及其行为脱离了机组对波音737系列飞机操控系统的理解,因此两起空难是典型的人—自动化交互失败的案例。FLAP模型有助于研究者以自上而下的、通用化的方法来模拟现今商业运输飞机中与自动化系统相关的问题,利用FLAP模型可以逆向回溯两起空难的成因:除了MACS设计不良之外,波音公司和FAA未遵守航空安全文化是造成两起事故的深层次原因。The investigations into the two Boeing 737 MAX plane crashes concluded that the MCAS,which had fatal design flaws,was the direct cause of the two accidents.The operational logic and behavior of MCAS deviated from the crew’s understanding of the control systems of the Boeing 737 series aircraft,making the crashes typical cases of human-automation interaction failure.The FLAP model helps researchers simulate issues related to automated systems in modern commercial transport aircraft from a top-down,generalized approach.By using the FLAP model,the causes of the two crashes can be traced back:in addition to the poor design of MCAS,Boeing and the FAA’s failure to adhere to aviation safety culture was the deeper reason for the two accidents.

关 键 词：波音737 MAX 人—自动化交互 FLAP模型 系统设计 航空安全文化 

分 类 号：B849[哲学宗教—应用心理学]