高速水流碰撞冲击对漂流性鱼卵孵化的影响研究  

Impact of high-speed flow collision on hatching performance of semi-buoyant fish eggs

作　　者：殷红 胡亚萍 谢婷婷 YIN Hong;HU Yaping;XIE Tingting(Changjiang River Channel Regulation Center,Wuhan 430014,China;College of River and Ocean Engineering,Chongqing Jiaotong University,Chongqing 400074,China)

机构地区：[1]长江航道整治中心,湖北武汉430014 [2]重庆交通大学河海学院,重庆400074

出　　处：《人民长江》2024年第12期101-106,共6页Yangtze River

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(42007213)。

摘　　要：漂流性鱼卵在长江上游高速水流(2~4 m/s)中迁移和孵化过程中,不可避免会与河流中航行的船舶、江中的岩石、河床的砂石等表面发生碰撞。这类碰撞冲击可能损伤鱼卵,影响其正常孵化,甚至造成死亡。通过自由落体试验,研究了不同碰撞速度、撞击表面(水、砂、石)、发育程度等因素对天然鱼卵和人工养殖鱼卵孵化的影响,并获得了不同环境条件下鱼卵承受碰撞冲击的速度阈值。结果表明:人工养殖鱼卵代替天然鱼卵用于试验研究会有明显的差异;处于细胞分裂阶段的鱼卵对于碰撞冲击最为敏感,而随着鱼卵的进一步发育,发育中晚期鱼卵抵抗碰撞冲击的能力明显增强,孵化期鱼卵在三种基质下碰撞后孵化率大于50%的冲击速度阈值约为4.4 m/s。研究成果可为高速水流中漂流性鱼卵的保护和相关河流管理策略的制定提供参考。During the migration and hatching process of semi-buoyant fish eggs in the high-velocity flows(2~4 m/s)of the upper Changjiang River,collisions with navigating vessels,rocks in the river,and sediments on the riverbed are inevitable,which may damage the eggs,affecting their normal hatching,or even causing death.In this paper,free-fall experiments were conducted to study the effects of collision speeds,collision surfaces(water,sand,stone),and developmental stages on the hatching of both natural and artificial breeding fish eggs.We obtained the velocity thresholds at which fish eggs can withstand collision shock under various environmental conditions and noted the significant differences when using artificial breeding fish eggs in place of natural eggs for experimental research.Our findings also revealed that fish eggs were most sensitive to collision shock at the cell-division stage and become more resistant to such impacts as they develop further.At the last hatching stage of fish eggs,the collision velocity threshold value was approximately 4.4 m/s under three varieties of collided substrates.Within this range,the hatching percentage of fish eggs can be more than 50%.This research provides new insights into the protection of drifting fish eggs in high-speed flows,offering important references for the implementation of related river management strategies.

关 键 词：鱼卵孵化 碰撞冲击 速度阈值 生态保护 山区航道 长江上游 

分 类 号：Q17[生物学—水生生物学]