褐马鸡保护遗传学研究进展  

Research Progress on the Conservation Genetics of Brown Eared Pheasant

作　　者：甄伟 黄磊 王伟 刘鑫宇 江鹏 王鹏程 陈德 Zhen Wei;Huang Lei;Wang Wei;Liu Xinyu;Jiang Peng;Wang Pengcheng;Chen De(Hebei Xiaowutai Mountain National Nature Reserve Management Center,Zhangjiakou 075700,China;College of Life Sciences,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210046,China;Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering,College of Life Sciences,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]河北小五台山国家级自然保护区管理中心,张家口075700 [2]南京师范大学生命科学学院,南京210046 [3]北京师范大学生命科学学院,生物多样性与生态工程教育部重点实验室,北京100875

出　　处：《陆地生态系统与保护学报》2024年第4期58-63,共6页Terrestrial Ecosystem and Conservation

基　　金：河北省“三三三”人才工程资助项目(A202101054)。

摘　　要：褐马鸡(Crossoptilon mantchuricum)为我国特有珍禽,其历史分布区十分广泛。但由于栖息地的破坏、环境变化和地理隔离等,褐马鸡种群数量曾严重下降,并被我国列为国家一级保护野生动物,被IUCN列为全球易危物种。经过多年的有效保护,其野生种群目前分布在北京、河北、山西和陕西的部分山区,分布区和种群数量均呈增长趋势。遗传多样性是生物种内个体所携带的所有遗传信息的总和,决定物种的进化潜力和抵御不良环境的能力。保护遗传学作为保护生物学的一个分支学科,旨在通过遗传学分析探明种群遗传变异和物种濒危的遗传学机制。近20年来,随着研究手段和技术的不断发展,研究人员在褐马鸡的遗传多样性、近交水平和人工种群遗传管理等方面取得了一系列成果,并于2020年首次揭示了褐马鸡濒危的遗传学机制,提出了人类活动干扰和栖息地碎片化是导致褐马鸡遗传多样性丧失的主要原因。然而,褐马鸡的遗传多样性水平极低,且近交严重,积累了较多的有害突变,仍面临着较大的灭绝风险。目前高通量测序技术、基因组学技术等的发展和应用能够帮助更深入地理解褐马鸡的濒危机制,挑选出含有较少有害突变的个体进行种群间的基因交流,在历史分布区开展重引入工作,逐步恢复褐马鸡的遗传多样性,扩大种群和分布范围,更科学地开展褐马鸡的就地保护和迁地保护工作。Brown eared pheasant is a specific bird in China and the historical distribution area was large.Due to habitat destruction,environmental changes and geographical isolation,the population of the brown eared pheasant once decreased seriously and it was listed as a national first-class protected wildlife species in China and classified as a global vulnerable species by the IUCN.After many years of effective conservation efforts,the wild population is currently distributed in some mountainous areas of Beijing,Hebei,Shanxi,and Shaanxi provinces,showing an increasing trend on both the distribution range and population size.Genetic diversity is the sum of all genetic information carried by individuals within a species,which determines the evolutionary potential of a species and its ability to resist adverse environment.As a branch of conservation biology,conservation genetics aims to explore the genetic mechanism of population genetic variation and endangered species through genetic analysis.In the past two decades,with the continuous development of research methods and technologies,researchers have achieved a series of results in the genetic diversity,inbreeding levels,and artificial population genetic management of the brown eared pheasant,and revealed the genetic mechanism of the endangered for the first time in 2020.The main reasons for the loss of genetic diversity in brown pheasants are human activity interference and habitat fragmentation.However,the genetic diversity of brown eared pheasant is very low and the inbreeding is serious,accumulating a large number of harmful mutations and still facing a great risk of extinction.At present,the development and application of high-throughput sequencing and genomics technologies can help to gain a deeper understanding of the endangered mechanism.Individuals with fewer harmful mutations can be selected for gene exchange between populations,and reintroduction work can be carried out in historical distribution areas to gradually restore the genetic diversity of brown eared

关 键 词：褐马鸡 遗传多样性 近亲繁殖 分子标记 就地保护 迁地保护 

分 类 号：S764[农业科学—森林保护学] Q958[农业科学—林学]