离子液体电沉积铝及铝合金镀层的研究进展  

Research process of electrodeposition of aluminum and aluminum alloy coatings in ionic liquids

作　　者：吴江 阚洪敏 王文鑫 WU Jiang;KAN Hongmin;WANG Wenxin(School of Mechanical Engineering,Shenyang University,Shenyang 110000,China;Key Laboratory of Research and Application of Multiple Hard Films,Liaoning Province,Shenyang 110000,China)

机构地区：[1]沈阳大学机械工程学院,辽宁沈阳110000 [2]辽宁省多组硬质膜研究及应用重点实验室,辽宁沈阳110000

出　　处：《中国有色冶金》2024年第6期69-78,共10页China Nonferrous Metallurgy

基　　金：辽宁省自然科学基金项目(2021-MS-343)。

摘　　要：近些年来离子液体中电沉积制备铝及铝合金镀层的电沉积技术作为一种新型绿色工艺而备受关注,且铝及铝合金镀层在航空航天、电子、汽车等诸多领域得到广泛应用。离子液体作为电解质具有导电性高、电化学窗口宽等优点,采用离子液体电沉积铝及铝合金镀层能够有效提升镀层的耐蚀性、强度和硬度等一系列性能,这为一些耐蚀性低、力学性能差的材料的加强提供一种可行性的方法。本文系统综述了近些年来不同离子液体体系电沉积铝及铝合金的研究进展,重点介绍不同类型离子液体电沉积铝及其合金的现状和优势,并针对其缺点及改进措施进行分析和总结。AlCl_(3)型离子液体存在稳定性较低、合成工艺复杂等缺陷,限制了其工业方面的应用;加入适量添加剂可以弥补液体稳定性不足、制备工艺复杂、制备原料昂贵等缺点,但还存在黏度大、成本高等问题。目前多功能性离子液体正在成为化学和材料科学中的一个重要研究领域,随着研究的深入和技术的发展,预计离子液体将在未来的工业生产中发挥更大的作用。In recent years,the electrodeposition technology of aluminum and aluminum alloy coatings prepared by electrodeposition in ionic liquids has attracted much attention as a new green process,and aluminum and aluminum alloy coatings have been widely used in aerospace,electronics,automobiles and many other fields.Ionic liquid as an electrolyte has the advantages of high conductivity,wide electrochemical window,etc.Electrodeposition of aluminum and aluminum alloy coatings by ionic liquid can effectively improve the corrosion resistance,strength and hardness of the coatings,which provides a feasible method for strengthening some materials with low corrosion resistance and poor mechanical properties.In this paper,the research progress of electrodeposition of aluminum and aluminum alloys in different ionic liquid systems in recent years is systematically reviewed.The present situation and advantages of different types of ionic liquid electrodeposition of aluminum and its alloys are introduced.The shortcomings and improvement measures are analyzed and summarized.AlCl_(3)ionic liquid has some defects,such as low stability and complex synthesis process,which limit its industrial application;Adding an appropriate amount of additives can make up for the shortcomings of insufficient liquid stability,complex preparation process and expensive preparation raw materials,but there are still problems of high viscosity and high cost.At present,multi-functional ionic liquids are becoming an important research field in chemistry and materials science.With the deepening of research and the development of technology,ionic liquids are expected to play a greater role in future industrial production.

关 键 词：离子液体 镀层电沉积 铝 铝合金 添加剂 低共熔溶剂型离子液体 多功能性离子液体 

分 类 号：TF803.27[冶金工程—有色金属冶金] TF812