侧吹熔炼处理含锌粉尘脱氟氯工艺技术研究  

Research on defluorination and dechlorination technology of zinc-containing dusttreated by side-blowing smelting

作　　者：苟海鹏 李明川 党辉 祁永峰 陈奎元 陈学刚[1] 许良[1] 陈宋璇[1] GOU Haipeng;LI Mingchuan;DANG Hui;QI Yongfeng;CHEN Kuiyuan;CHEN Xuegang;XU Liang;CHEN Songxuan(China ENFI Engineering Corporation,Beijing 100038,China)

机构地区：[1]中国恩菲工程技术有限公司,北京100038

出　　处：《中国有色冶金》2024年第6期79-87,共9页China Nonferrous Metallurgy

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“超大型及强化冶金特种设备研制及应用”(2023YFC2908000);云南省科技厅重大科技专项计划“多金属冶炼低碳节能及二次资源综合回收利用关键技术研究”(202302AB080014)。

摘　　要：本文利用侧吹熔炼工艺对含锌粉尘开展熔融脱氟氯工艺研究,利用热力学软件FactSage计算得到了四元ZnO-Fe_(2)O_(3)-CaO-SiO_(2)渣型,并进一步考察了冶炼温度对侧吹熔炼渣黏度和流动性的影响。通过对冶炼产物中关键元素进行分析检测,得到了侧吹熔炼工艺条件下Zn、Pb、F、Cl、Ag等关键元素的分布及走向。试验结果表明,在采用喷吹天然气供热、铁硅比(Fe/SiO_(2))为1、钙硅比(CaO/SiO_(2))为0.5条件下,当冶炼温度高于1400℃时,熔渣熔化效果良好;当熔炼温度低于1400℃时,熔渣熔化效果较差。侧吹熔炼工艺处理含锌烟灰得到冶炼渣的主要物相是Ca_(2)ZnSi_(2)O_(7)、Fe_(3)O_(4)、Zn_(2)SiO_(4)和ZnFe_(2)O_(4),侧吹烟尘的主要物相是ZnO、NaCl、KCl和K_(2)ZnCl_(4)。经侧吹熔炼工艺处理后,熔渣中氟元素含量可降低至0.057%,原料中氟元素的脱除率超过85%;熔渣中氯元素含量可降低至0.0091%,原料中氯元素的脱除率超过99%。本文利用0.28 m^(2)侧吹炉扩试装置初步验证了侧吹熔炼工艺处理含锌粉尘的可行性,为国内外企业在双碳减排战略目标下提供了处理含锌粉尘脱氟氯的新思路。In this paper,the defluorination and dechlorination process of zinc-containing dust by side-blown melting was studied.The four-element ZnO-Fe_(2)O_(3)-CaO-SiO_(2)slag type was calculated using the thermodynamic software FactSage.The impact of melting temperature on the viscosity and fluidity of the side-blown slag was further investigated.The distribution and trend of Zn,Pb,F,Cl,Ag and other key elements in the side-blowing smelting process were obtained through the analysis and detection of key elements in the smelting products.The experimental results demonstrate that under conditions of natural gas injection heating,the iron-silicon ratio(Fe/SiO_(2))was 1,the calcium-silicon ratio(CaO/SiO_(2))was 0.5,the melting effect of molten slag wasoptimal when the melting temperature exceeded 1400℃.When the melting temperature wasbelow 1400℃,the slag exhibited suboptimal melting properties.The primary phases identified in the slag produced by the side-blowing smelting process were Ca_(2)ZnSi_(2)O_(7),Fe_(3)O_(4),Zn_(2)SiO_(4)and ZnFe_(2)O_(4),and the primary phases observed in the side-blowingdustwere ZnO,NaCl,KCl and K_(2)ZnCl_(4).After the side-blowing melting process,the fluorine content in the slag was reduced to 0.057%,with a fluorine removal rate in the raw material exceeding 85%.The chlorine content in the slag was reduced to 0.0091%,and the removal rate of chlorine in the raw material exceeded 99%.In this paper,the feasibility of side-blowing smelting process for treating zinc-bearing dust was preliminarily verified by using 0.28 m^(2) side-blowing furnace expansion test device,which provides a new approach for domestic and foreign enterprises seekingto treat zinc-containing dust in alignment with the strategic goal of double carbon emission reduction.

关 键 词：侧吹熔炼 含锌粉尘 脱氟 脱氯 相图 元素平衡计算 

分 类 号：TF813[冶金工程—有色金属冶金] TF803.11