砷化镓废料中镓的高效分离提取工艺研究  

Study on efficient separation and recovery of gallium from GaAs waste

作　　者：刘芳芳 王坚 朱建华 刘重伟 LIU Fangfang;WANG Jian;ZHU Jianhua;LIU Chongwei(Shaoguan Smelter,Shenzhen Zhongjin Lingnan Nonferrous Metals Co.,Ltd.,Shaoguan 512024,China)

机构地区：[1]深圳市中金岭南有色金属股份有限公司韶关冶炼厂,广东韶关512024

出　　处：《中国有色冶金》2024年第6期97-104,共8页China Nonferrous Metallurgy

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2022YFC2904900)。

摘　　要：在砷化镓生产过程中,产生大量废料,该废料的回收是目前镓生产的重点研究课题之一。本文综合目前各类砷化镓废料回收工艺的优点,针对目前回收过程中的问题,提出浸出-萃取-电积工艺,浸出采用洗镓盐酸液作为浸出液。研究在浸出、萃取、电积等机理分析的基础上,对相关工艺条件进行了条件试验,得到以下主要结论。浸出过程在洗镓盐酸液低酸条件(酸度为1 mol/L)下通过控制升温梯度控制浸出体系电位,终点温度75℃,浸出时间4 h,砷浸出率达到96%以上,镓浸出率达到97%;萃取采用P204为萃取剂,两级萃取,镓萃取率达到99%,同时P204对砷无萃取效果,镓与砷的分离效率达到99%以上;反萃使用150 g/L NaOH为反萃剂,相比O/A为2/1,镓反萃率达到99.9%;通过在反萃液中添加0.15 g/L EDTA,电流效率由41%提高至78%,有效提高了能源利用率;将电积后液作为反萃剂进行循环利用,经过3次循环实验,镓浸出率稳定在97%,镓萃取率稳定在99.6%,反萃率稳定在99.9%,电流效率稳定在78%,循环使用电积后液,对反萃效率以及电流效率均无明显影响,循环利用效果优异,镓直收率达到96%。该工艺过程无砷化氢剧毒气体产生,且有效回收了砷化镓废料,实现了镓与砷的高效分离,具有应用推广价值。A significant amount of waste is generated during the production of gallium arsenide.The recovery of the galliumbecome one of the critical research topics.This paper ingeniously integrates the advantages of various gallium arsenide waste recovery processes and proposes an innovative leaching-extraction-electroplating process.In this process,using gallium washing hydrochloric acid solution as the leaching solution.Based on a meticulous analysis of the mechanisms of leaching,extraction,and electroplating,comprehensive relevant conditions were thoroughly tested,and the following principal conclusions were obtained.In the low acid condition(pH of 1 mol/L)of the washing gallium hydrochloric acid solution,the extraction system potential was controlled by regulating the gradient of temperature rise.The arsenic extraction rate up to 96%,and the gallium extraction rate surpassed 97%under the conditionsoffinal leach temperature 75℃,leach time 4 h.Using P204as the extractant,gallium extraction rate was above 99%with two-stage extraction.Notably,the extractant demonstrated no extraction effect on arsenic,andthe separation efficiency of gallium and arsenic exceeding 99%.The stripping was conducted using 150 g/L NaOH as the stripping agent with an O/A ratio of 2/1,and the gallium stripping rate was above 99.9%.By adding 0.15 g/L EDTA to the stripping solution,the current efficiency was significantly increased from 41%to 78%.Post-electricity was recycled to using as the stripping solution,the gallium leaching rate remained stable at 97%,the gallium extraction rate was consistently at 99.6%,the stripping rate was stay at 99.9%,and the current efficiency was steadily at 78%after three successive recycling experiments.The gallium recovery rate reaching 96%and there is no toxic gas of hydrogen arsenide produced in this process.

关 键 词：砷化镓废料 洗镓盐酸液 低酸浸出 镓、砷分离 浸出-萃取-电积 升温梯度 EDTA 砷化氢 

分 类 号：TF843.1[冶金工程—有色金属冶金]