深度伪造技术对美国选举政治的影响  

The Impact of Deepfake Technology on U.S.Electoral Politics

作　　者：袁莎 YUAN Sha

机构地区：[1]中国国际问题研究院全球治理与国际组织研究所

出　　处：《当代美国评论》2024年第4期102-123,130,共23页Contemporary American Review

摘　　要：随着生成式人工智能技术的迅猛发展和快速普及,基于它的深度伪造技术对选举政治的深刻影响备受关注。2024年,美国迎来“人工智能时代的首场大选”,人工智能技术在展现赋能选举潜力的同时,也暴露出助长深度伪造、威胁选举安全、恶化民主赤字等危害。本文通过观察美国大选中深度伪造技术使用激增现象和美国的应对举措发现,囿于技术瓶颈、司法冲突、政治极化、利益矛盾等原因,美国对深度伪造技术的监管存在一定局限性;深度伪造技术将成为美国选举政治的“游戏规则改变者”,带来重塑选举范式、恶化选举生态、转嫁民主危机等影响。这不仅暴露出美式民主的内在缺陷,也会加剧人工智能时代下的安全困境。With the rapid advancerment and popularization of generative artificial intelligence(Gen AI)technology,the profound impact of AI-based deepfake technology on electoral politics has attracted much attention.In 2024,the United States ushered in the“first election in the era of AI",where the AI technology not only demonstrates its potential to empower elections,but also exposes its many perils such as fueling deepfakes,threatening election security,and worsening democratic deficits.By observing the surge in the use of deepfake technology in U.S.elections and examining the U.S.responses,this article finds that the U.S regulations on deepfakes have certain limitations,due to such factors as technological constraints,judicial conflicts,political polarization,and competing interests.Deepfake technology is set to become a game changer”in U.S.electoral politics,leading to the reshaping of the electoral paradigms,the deterioration of the electoral ecosystem,and the shifting of democratic crisis to the outside world.This not only exposes the inherent flaws in American democracy,but also exacerbates the security dilemma in the age of AI.

关 键 词：美国大选 选举政治 深度伪造 生成式人工智能 选举安全 

分 类 号：TP18[自动化与计算机技术—控制理论与控制工程] D771.2[自动化与计算机技术—控制科学与工程]