稻瘟病拮抗放线菌3-2的分离鉴定及活性产物初步研究  

Isolation and characterization of the antagonistic actinomycete 3-2 of rice blast disease as well as the preliminary study of its active products

作　　者：张志雄 徐志生 贺彭毅 周鑫 董文静 周鑫钰 ZHANG Zhixiong;XU Zhisheng;HE Pengyi;ZHOU Xin;DONG Wenjing;ZHOU Xinyu(Hunan Tianfeng Agricultural Science and Technology Co.Ltd,Changde,Hunan 415000,China;Hunan Changning Agricultural Technology Extension Center,Hengyang,Hunan 421500,China;Hunan Chunyun Agricultural Science and Technology Co.Ltd,Changsha 410128,China;Key Laboratory of Biology and Control of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests of Hunan Province,Changsha 410128,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南天丰农业科技有限公司,湖南常德415000 [2]湖南常宁市农业技术推广中心,湖南衡阳421500 [3]湖南省春云农业科技股份有限公司,湖南长沙410128 [4]植物病虫害生物学与防控湖南省重点实验室,湖南长沙410128

出　　处：《生物灾害科学》2024年第4期581-587,共7页Biological Disaster Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(30900960);湖南省大学生研究性学习和创新性实验计划项目(SCX1508)。

摘　　要：【目的】筛选对稻瘟病菌有效的生防菌株,为该病害的生物防治提供依据。【方法】采用平板对峙法初筛,含毒介质法复筛对稻瘟病菌具有良好抑制作用的放线菌菌株,观察生防菌株的培养、形态特征和生理生化特性,依据菌株的16S rDNA序列分析构建系统发育树,鉴定菌株的分类地位。此外,研究测定了温度和紫外线照射等条件对菌株3-2发酵液抑菌活性的影响,并完成了菌株3-2抗真菌谱的测定。【结果】室内测定结果表明,菌株3-2的5倍无菌发酵液对稻瘟病菌的菌丝生长抑制率高达98.41%,该菌株鉴定为制孢链霉菌(Streptomyces cellostaticus),发酵液中的活性物质对紫外线照射敏感但热稳定性较好。菌株3-2对稻黑孢霉和油菜菌核病菌的抑菌效果较好,抑制率分别达到90.01%和81.50%。【结论】菌株3-2对稻瘟病菌具有较强的抑制效果,可为稻瘟病生防菌剂的研究和开发提供参考。[Objective]This study aims to screen effective biocontrol strains against Magnaporthe oryzae so as to provide a basis for biological control of this disease.[Method]The agar plate dual culture was used for initial screening and the fermentation filtrate-amended medium method for re-screening of actinomycetes strains with good inhibitory effect on Magnaporthe oryzae,and the culture characteristics,colony morphology,as well as physiological and biochemical properties of the strains were observed,and then a phylogenetic tree was constructed based on the 16S rDNA sequences of the strains,so as to identify the taxonomic status of the strains.In addition,this study determined the effects of conditions such as temperature and UV irradiation on the antibacterial activity of the fermentation broth of the strain 3-2,and so accomplished the determination of the antifungal spectrum of the strain 3-2.[Result]The indoor bioassay test showed that the 5-fold aseptic fermentation broth of the strain 3-2 inhibited the mycelial growth of Magnaporthe oryzae as high as 98.41%.The strain was identified as Streptomyces cellostaticus.The active substances in the fermentation broth were sensitive to UV irradiation but thermally stable.The strain 3-2 was more effective in inhibiting Nigrospora oryzae and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum,with the inhibition rate reaching 90.01%and 81.50%,respectively.[Conclusion]The strain 3-2 has a strong inhibitory effect on Magnaporthe oryzae,which can provide references for the research and development of blast biocontrol agents.

关 键 词：放线菌 稻瘟病 生物防治 活性产物 

分 类 号：S435.111.41[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]