复合微生物菌剂在防治番茄枯萎病上的应用  

Application of composite microbial agents to the control of tomato fusarium wilt

作　　者：干华磊 黄小威 李东阳 刘军 桑松 GAN Hualei;HUANG Xiaowei;LI Dongyang;LIU Jun;SANG Song(Ningbo Sunjoy Agroscience Co.,Ltd,Ningbo,Zhejiang 315000,China)

机构地区：[1]宁波三江益农化学有限公司,浙江宁波315000

出　　处：《生物灾害科学》2024年第4期588-594,共7页Biological Disaster Science

摘　　要：【目的】为了能筛选到对番茄枯萎病防效较好的生防菌。【方法】从健康的番茄种植土壤中分离筛选到30株生防菌,从中挑选拮抗效果比较好的3个菌株:贝莱斯芽孢杆菌(Bacillus velezensis)SJBV-002、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)SJ01、哈茨木霉菌(Trichoderma harzianum)SJ10,将SJBV-002、SJ01分别制成含菌量不低于100亿个孢子/g、SJ10含菌量不低于10亿孢子/g的含单菌株微生物菌剂和含三菌株(SJBV-002+SJ01+SJ10,GM)的微生物菌剂,测试其相容性后,用于盆栽试验和大田试验,测试对番茄枯萎病的防效。【结果】SJBV-002、SJ01、SJ10三者混合后相容性较好,未出现拮抗的现象。盆栽条件下复合微生物菌剂对番茄枯萎病的防效达到82.45%,显著高于3个菌株的单剂处理防效。大田条件下,复合微生物菌剂施药后15 d和45 d对番茄枯萎病的防效分别为78.56%、77.88%,显著高于2亿孢子/g木霉菌可湿性粉剂,与30%精甲•噁霉灵可溶液剂的防效相当。【结论】复合微生物菌剂(SJBV-002+SJ01+SJ10)可以有效防治番茄枯萎病,具有一定的持效性优势,可以在番茄枯萎病的防治中推广应用。[Objective]The aim of this study was to screen for biocontrol agents with good efficacy against tomato Fusarium wilt.[Method]Three strains SJBV-002(Bacillus velezensis),SJ01(Bacillus subtilis)and SJ10(Trichoderma harzianum)with good antagonistic effects were selected from 30 biocontrol strains isolated and screened from the healthytomato-planting soil.SJBV-002 and SJ01 were formulated into microbial agents containing not less than 10 billion spores per gram,and SJ10 was prepared into the microbial agent not less than 1 billion spores per gram.The composite microbial agent was formulated with SJBV-002,SJ01 and SJ10.The compatibilities of these agents were tested,and then were used for the potted experiments and field trials to evaluate their efficacy against tomato Fusarium wilt.[Result]The results showed that the combination of SJBV-002,SJ01 and SJ10 had good compatibilities and did not exhibit any antagonistic effects.The potted experiments demonstrated that the compound microbial agent had a significantly higher control effect on tomato Fusarium wilt than that of the monovalent treatments,with a control efficiency of 82.45%.In field trials,the composite microbial agent provided control efficacies of 78.56%and 77.88%,respectively,at 15 and 45 days of the post application,which were significantly higher than those given by Trichoderma harzianum wettable powder with 0.2 billion spores per gram and comparable to the effect of the treatment with 30%fluopicolide•Metalaxyl-M.[Conclusion]It can be concluded that a composite microbial agent(SJBV-002+SJ01+SJ10)can effectively control tomato Fusarium wilt and has certain advantages in terms of persistence,making it suitable for the practical application to the control of tomato Fusarium wilt.

关 键 词：复合微生物菌剂 贝莱斯芽孢杆菌 枯草芽孢杆菌 哈茨木霉菌 番茄枯萎病 防治效果 

分 类 号：S436.5[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]