聚乳酸/聚二甲基硅氧烷超细纤维地膜的熔喷制备及其环境适应性  

Melt-blown preparation process and environmental adaptability of polylactic acid/polydimethylsiloxane microfibrous mulch film

作　　者：卢鹏 张恒 汪勇 赵珂 杜校勇 甄琪 LU Peng;ZHANG Heng;WANG Yong;ZHAO Ke;DU Xiaoyong;ZHEN Qi(College of Intelligent Textile and Fabric Electronics,Zhongyuan University of Technology,Zhengzhou 451191,China;Sateri(Changzhou)Fibers Co.,Ltd.,Liyang 213300,China;College of Fashion Technology,Zhongyuan University of Technology,Zhengzhou 451191,China)

机构地区：[1]中原工学院智能纺织与织物电子学院,郑州451191 [2]赛得利(常州)纤维有限公司,江苏溧阳213300 [3]中原工学院智能服饰与服装学院,郑州451191

出　　处：《工程塑料应用》2024年第12期14-25,共12页Engineering Plastics Application

基　　金：河南省高校科技创新人才支持计划(24HASTIT011);河南省重大科技专项(231100320200);中原工学院优秀科技创新人才支持计划(K2023YXRC01);中原工学院学科骨干教师支持计划(GG202422)。

摘　　要：为解决传统聚乳酸(PLA)地膜防水透气性能不佳、辐射降温性能弱而带来环境适应性的不足,以PLA和聚二甲基硅氧烷(PDMS)为原料,采用熔喷原位牵伸工艺,制备一种PLA/PDMS超细纤维地膜样品,对样品的结晶和流变性能、形貌结构特征、防水透气性能、力学性能和辐射降温性进行测试与分析,并进行了户外应用性能测试。结果表明,PDMS质量分数从0.5%增大到2.5%,PLA/PDMS共混物的加工性能和力学性能得到改善;同时,地膜样品纤维直径降低,防水透气性能提高,辐射降温能力也得到明显改善。此外,接收距离从9 cm增大到21 cm,样品的厚度、孔隙率和透气性能提高。当PDMS质量分数为2.5%、接收距离为15 cm时,PLA/PDMS超细纤维地膜样品的静水压为2170.67 Pa,接触角达到145.61°,透气率为219.42 mm/s,发射率和反射率最高达到98.12%和90.84%,在450.0 W/m^(2)的太阳辐照度测试环境下,样品实现7.4℃的辐射降温效果。在环境温度为26℃,户外无遮蔽的测试条件下,对比棉机织布与PLA地膜,PLA/PDMS超细纤维地膜对地温的降低效果更加明显,使地温降低2.3℃,有利于保持土壤湿度,展现出良好的环境适应性。In order to resolve the insufficient of environmental adaptability which was caused by the poor waterproof and air permeability properties and weak radiative cooling performance of traditional polylactic acid(PLA)mulch film,the samples of PLA/polydimethylsiloxane(PDMS)microfibrous mulch films were prepared by in-situ drafting melt-blown process,using PLA and PDMS as raw materials.The Crystallization and rheological properties,morphology and structural characteristics,waterproof and air permeability,mechanical properties and radiation cooling properties of the samples were tested and analyzed,then the outdoor application performance testing was conducted.The results show that the melt processability and mechanical properties of PLA/PDMS blends were improved by increasing the mass fraction of PDMS from 0.5%to 2.5%,moreover,the fiber diameters of the mulch film samples are reduced,and the waterproof and air permeability performances are improved,and the radiation cooling ability is also significantly improved.In addition,the thickness and porosity,air permeability of the samples are improved by increasing the die to sure of PLA/PDMS microfibrous mulch film samples is 2170.67 Pa,and the water contact angle reaches 145.61°,the air permeability is 219.42 mm/s,the highest emissivity and reflectivity reach 98.12%and 90.84%respectively,and the radiation cooling effect of 7.4℃can be achieved under the solar irradiance of 450.0 W/m^(2).Moreover,under the ambient temperature of 26℃and outdoor unshaded,the PLA/PDMS microfibrous mulch film has an obvious radiation cooling effects for ground temperature compared with the cotton woven fabric and PLA mulch film,which was reduced by 2.3℃,that can be helpful for maintaining soil moisture,showing good environmental adaptability.

关 键 词：聚乳酸 熔喷 环境适应性 防水透气 地膜 

分 类 号：TS176.5[轻工技术与工程—纺织材料与纺织品设计]