中低温岩浆热液型金矿床找矿预测地质模型  

Geological model for prospecting and prediction of medium to low temperature magmatic-hydrothermal gold deposits

作　　者：薛建玲[1,2] 庞振山 程志中[1,2] 陈辉 张晓飞[1,2] 贾儒雅 俞炳[1,2] 牟妮妮 XUE JianLing;PANG ZhenShan;CHENG ZhiZhong;CHEN Hui;ZHANG XiaoFei;JIA RuYa;YU Bing;MOU NiNi(Development and Research Center,China Geological Survey,Beijing 100037,China;Mineral Exploration Technical Guidance Center,Ministry of Natural Resources,Beijing 100037,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质调查局发展研究中心,北京100037 [2]自然资源部矿产勘查技术指导中心,北京100037

出　　处：《岩石学报》2025年第1期4-30,共27页Acta Petrologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC2901805、2024YFC290990002);国家自然科学基金项目(42302079);中国地质调查局项目(DD20230355、DD20230356、DD20221692)联合资助.

摘　　要：我国金矿资源对外依存度长期居高不下,立足国内,寻找并探明一批大型金矿床是一项迫在眉睫的重大任务。中低温岩浆热液型金矿床是我国金的最主要来源,如何寻找其隐伏矿和深部矿成为当前矿产勘查研究的热点。本文以勘查区找矿预测理论为指导,以中低温岩浆热液型金矿床为研究对象,总结了中低温岩浆热液型金矿床地质特征,构建了以成矿地质体、成矿构造和成矿结构面特征和成矿作用特征标志为核心内容的找矿预测地质模型,为该类型金矿床找矿预测提供了新的思路,指导隐伏矿和深部矿金资源勘查取得突破。中低温岩浆热液型金矿床分为中温岩浆热液型金矿床和低温岩浆热液型金矿床两个亚类,广泛发育于陆块区和造山带中,赋矿围岩多种多样,成矿时代广泛,主要集中在中生代。本文厘定了中低温岩浆热液型金矿床成矿地质体为中酸性侵入体,与矿床(体)呈现出空间上相依(1~5km)、时间上相近(10Myr)、成因上相关的内在成生联系和时空配置关系。成矿构造属褶皱、断裂、岩浆侵入复合构造系统;成矿结构面主要有断裂、硅钙面、岩溶构造及岩体侵入接触带、爆破角砾岩体及水压裂隙等;矿化样式受成矿结构面控制,大致可分为四个类型:层状、脉状、块状及其组合而成的复合型。中温岩浆热液型金矿床成矿作用早阶段温度可达450℃左右,形成强度不等的钾长石化、钠长石化或铁白云石化;主成矿阶段成矿温度250℃左右,蚀变主要为硅化、绢云母化、伊利石化,Au和Ag共伴生,同时伴生少量Pb、Zn、Cu等,主要金属矿物为黄铁矿,次为黄铜矿、磁黄铁矿、方铅矿和闪锌矿;而低温岩浆热液型金矿床成矿作用主阶段温度低于250℃,Au和As、Sb共伴生,Ag含量低,常见毒砂和辉锑矿等矿物,成矿作用早阶段蚀变则主要为硅化,有的为次生石英岩化。金的沉淀富集机制�China s dependence on foreign gold resources has remained high for a long time,therefore it is an urgent and significant task to find and explore a batch of large gold deposits.The medium to low temperature magmatic-hydrothermal gold deposits is the main source of gold in China,thus finding the concealed and deep deposits is a hot topic in mineral exploration work.In this study,we focused on the medium to low temperature magmatic-hydrothermal gold deposits guided by the theory of prospecting and prediction in exploration area.We summarized the basic geological characteristics of medium to low temperature magmatic-hydrothermal gold deposits,and established a prospecting prediction model that includes the metallogenic geological body,mineralization structure and structural plane,and characteristics of mineralization.It provides ideas for prospecting and predicting this type of gold deposit,which could make a breakthrough in the exploration of concealed and deep gold deposits.The medium to low temperature magmatic-hydrothermal gold deposits can be subdivided into two subtypes:mesothermal gold deposit and telethermal gold deposit.They are generally developed in continental block and orogenic belt tectonic setting,hosted by a variety of wall rocks with a wide range of mineralization ages,but mainly clustered at the Mesozoic era.We defined that the metallogenic geological body of medium to low temperature magmatic-hydrothermal gold deposit is the intermediate-felsic intrusions,which presents a spatially dependent(1~5km),temporally consistent(10Myr),and genetically related relationship with the ore deposit/body.The metallogenic structure belongs to a composite structural system of fold,fault,and magma intrusion.The metallogenic structural plane mainly includes fault,siliceous calcium surface,karst structure and intrusion contact zone,explosive breccia rock,and hydraulic fracture.The mineralization style is controlled by the metallogenic structural plane and can be generally divided into four types:stratiform,veined,mass

关 键 词：中温岩浆热液型金矿床 低温岩浆热液型金矿床 成矿地质体 成矿构造与成矿结构面 成矿作用特征标志 找矿预测模型 

分 类 号：P612[天文地球—矿床学] P613[天文地球—地质学] P618.51