中药补骨脂本草考证  

Herbal Textual Research on Psoraleae Fructus

作　　者：杨晶凡[1] 张鑫[2] 陈随清[1] YANG Jing-fan;ZHANG Xin;CHEN Sui-qing(School of Pharmacy,Henan University of Chinese Medicine;Biological Science Research Center,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies,Southwest University)

机构地区：[1]河南中医药大学药学院 [2]西南大学前沿交叉学科研究院生物学研究中心

出　　处：《中国食品药品监管》2024年第11期152-157,共6页China Food & Drug Administration Magazine

基　　金：国家科技基础资源调查专项(2018FY100802-03);现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(豫财科[2023]7号)。

摘　　要：本文以时间为主线,梳理历代本草著作及相关医学著作,并结合现代中药学文献,考证补骨脂的名称、基原、产地、采收时间、药材性状和炮制方法,以厘清补骨脂的药用历史。补骨脂早在唐朝已流传入我国,结合各时期本草图文对比,古今补骨脂基原相同,为豆科植物补骨脂Psoralea corylifolia L.的干燥成熟果实。古时主要“自外藩随海舶而来”,我国东南沿海一带亦有分布,现今缅甸进口补骨脂仍为主要市场商品来源。古今记载补骨脂的采收时间和药材性状特征描述基本一致,在农历九月果实成熟时采收,但不同时期本草对药材表面颜色描述有所不同,由初期红色、绿色至北宋黑色,明清时期以“色黑者良”,这与现代文献记载黑色成熟种子中有效成分累积量和产量均较高的研究结果相符。历史上补骨脂的炮制加工方法有蒸、炒、炙及复制法等,目前以盐炙为主,引药入肾,以增强其温肾助阳、纳气、止泻的功效。通过以上对补骨脂的本草考证,为确保补骨脂临床使用的安全性和有效性、规范市场流通和统一使用奠定理论基础。To elucidate the medicinal history of Psoraleae Fructus,this study adopts a chronological approach by analyzing ancient pharmacological texts and related medical literature while incorporating insights from contemporary Chinese medicine publications and recent scientific findings.The investigation of Psoraleae Fructus encompasses aspects such as nomenclature,botanical origin,habitat,optimal harvest timing,medicinal characteristics,and processing methods.Psoraleae Fructus was first introduced to China during the Tang Dynasty.Comparative analysis of illustrations and descriptions in pharmacological works spanning various historical periods reveal that its botanical origin has remained consistent over time:the leguminous plant Psoralea corylifolia L.and its dried mature fruits.Historically,Psoraleae Fructus was primarily imported via maritime trade,though it also grew along China’s southeastern coastline.At present,imports from Myanmar constitute the primary market supply.Historical and modern records concur on the optimal harvest timing and physical characteristics of Psoraleae Fructus:it is gathered in the ninth lunar month when fully ripe.Early descriptions varied,citing red and green hues for the fruit,but by the Northern Song Dynasty,black had become the preferred color—a preference maintained throughout the Ming and Qing periods.Modern studies validate this preference,showing that mature black seeds contain higher concentrations of active constituents and yield superior results.Processing methods for Psoraleae Fructus have evolved,historically including steaming,stir-frying,roasting,and reproducing.Currently,salt roasting is the main method.This method is believed to enhance therapeutic efficacy by directing the medicine to the kidneys,warming and tonifying them,aiding Yang absorption,and preventing diarrhea.This botanical examination of Psoraleae Fructus sheds light on its historical usage,provides theoretical support for ensuring its clinical safety and efficacy,and lays the groundwork for standardizing

关 键 词：补骨脂 本草考证 基原 产地 采收时间 药材性状 炮制方法 

分 类 号：R281[医药卫生—中药学]