High-precision Q modeling and Q migration technology and its applications in loess plateau regions  

高精度Q建模与偏移技术及其在黄土塬地区的应用

作　　者：Xu Wei Liu Hong-Xing Mi Hong-Gang Zhang Bing Guo Jun-Chao Ge Yong You Jun 徐伟;刘红星;米洪刚;张兵;郭俊超;葛勇;游俊(中联煤层气有限责任公司,北京100015;北京天安瑞达科技发展有限公司,北京101102)

机构地区：[1]China United Coalbed Methane Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100015,China [2]Beijing Geotarget Research Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 101102,China

出　　处：《Applied Geophysics》2024年第4期835-847,882,共14页应用地球物理（英文版）

基　　金：supported by the China National Offshore Oil Corporation’s“14th Five-Year Plan”major scientific and technological project,“Key Technologies for Onshore Unconventional Natural Gas Exploration and Development”(KJGG2021-1000).

摘　　要：The propagation of seismic waves in viscous media,such as the loess plateau and shallow gas regions,alters their amplitude,frequency,and phase due to absorption attenuation,resulting in reductions in the resolution and fidelity of seismic profiles and the inaccurate identification of subtle structure and lithology.Q modeling and Q migration techniques proposed in this paper are used to compensate for the energy and frequency attenuation of seismic waves,obtain high-quality depth imaging results,and further enhance structural imaging to address the aforementioned problem.First,various prior information is utilized to construct an initial Q model.Q tomography techniques are employed to further optimize the precision of the initial Q model and build a high-precision Q model.Subsequently,Q prestack depth migration technology is employed to compensate for absorption and attenuation in the three-dimensional space along the seismic wave propagation path and correct the travel times,realizing the purposes of amplitude compensation,frequency recovery,and phase correction,which can help improve the wave group characteristics while enhancing the resolution.Model data and practical application results demonstrate that high-precision Q modeling and Q migration techniques can substantially improve the imaging quality of underground structures and formations in the loess plateau region with extremely complex surface and near-surface conditions.The resolution and fidelity of seismic data,as well as the capability to identify reservoirs,can be improved using these techniques.地震波在诸如黄土塬、浅层气云区等黏弹性介质中传播时,由于吸收衰减作用,其振幅、频率和相位都会发生变化,导致地震剖面分辨率和保真度下降,影响地层结构和地层岩性的识别精度。为了解决这一问题,本文提出了利用Q建模和Q偏移技术来补偿地震波的能量频率衰减,从而获得高质量的深度域成像结果,进一步改善构造成像。首先,利用各种先验信息构建初始Q模型,然后通过Q层析技术优化Q模型精度,形成高精度Q模型。接着,通过Q叠前深度偏移技术沿地震波传播路径进行三维空间的吸收衰减补偿,对旅行时进行修正,达到振幅补偿、频率恢复和相位校正的目的,从而改善波组特征,提高分辨率。模型数据及实际资料应用结果表明,高精度Q建模和Q偏移技术可以显著改善黄土塬地区复杂地表条件下地层微幅度构造及成像质量,提高地震资料的分辨率和保真度,增强储层的识别能力。

关 键 词：absorption compensation Q modeling Q tomography inversion Q migration amplitude preserved loess plateau region 

分 类 号：P631.4[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]