拉萨河下游流域外来入侵植物种类及分布特征  

The Species Composition and Distributional Characteristics of Alien Invasive Plants in the Lower Reaches of Lhasa River

作　　者：阿拉姆 李森 李照青 土艳丽 Alamu;LI Sen;LI Zhaoqing;TU Yanli(Institute of Plateau Biology of Xizang Autonomous Region,Lhasa 850000,China;Key Lab of Biological Resources and Biosecurity of Xizang Autonomous Region,Lhasa 850000,China)

机构地区：[1]西藏自治区高原生物研究所,西藏拉萨850000 [2]西藏自治区生物资源与生物安全重点实验室,西藏拉萨850000

出　　处：《高原科学研究》2024年第4期31-42,共12页Plateau Science Research

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察项目(2019QZKK0502030405)。

摘　　要：为揭示拉萨河下游流域外来入侵植物的种类及分布特征,并为保护该区域生物多样性和防治外来入侵植物。通过实地调查、文献查阅和标本数据分析,在拉萨河下游流域共发现59种外来入侵植物,隶属于18科48属,其中菊科(21种)、豆科(8种)和禾本科(6种)为优势科;苋属(Amaranthus L.)、飞蓬属(Erigeron L.)和苦苣菜属(Sonchus L.)为优势属。植物区系分析显示,外来入侵植物中世界广布的科数量占据绝对优势,在属上则以温带分布类型为主,北温带分布类型最为丰富。危害等级从1级至5级分别有7种、15种、3种、24种和10种,其中出现频度最高的种类依次为牛膝菊(Galinsoga parviflora Cav.)、苦苣菜(Sonchus oleraceus L.)、欧洲千里光(Senecio vulgaris L.)。外来入侵植物引入途径主要为无意引入,主要来源于美洲。分段线性回归分析结果表明,随着海拔升高外来入侵植物种类数量显著减少。This study aims to identify alien invasive plants species and their distribution characteristics in the lower reaches of Lhasa River to provide theoretical support for biodiversity conservation and prevention of inva-sive plants in the region.Through field surveys combining with literature review and specimen data analysis,a to-tal of 59 alien invasive plant species were identified belonging to 18 families and 48 genera,in the study area.Asteraceae(21 species),Fabaceae(8 species),and Poaceae(6 species)were the dominant families and Amaran-thus L.,Erigeron L.,and Sonchus L.were the dominant genera.The result of floristical analysis revealed that the families of alien invasive plants were dominated by wide world distributed type of family and the majority of gen-era show temperate distribution type,particularly northern temperate distribution type.The risk levels of these in-vasive species were categorized from 1 to level 5,with 7,15,3,24 and 10 species,respectively.Species of Galin-soga parviflora Cav.,Sonchus oleraceus L.and Senecio vulgaris L.have the highest occurrence frequency.The main introducing pathway of invasive plants was unintentionally and originated from the Americas primarily.The result of piecewise linear regression analysis showed that the number of alien invasive plant species decreased significantly with increasing altitude.The ecological environment in the lower reaches of Lhasa River face a po-tential threat from alien invasive plants with the ongoing process of globalization and the rise in human activities.It is recommended that relevant authorities,research institutions,and universities should prioritize this issue to enhance regulation,public awareness and effective control measures.

关 键 词：拉萨河下游 外来入侵植物 物种组成 分布特征 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]