测度对于观念的改变何以重要  

Why Measure Is Important in Conceptual Shifting?

作　　者：孙圣 万小龙 SUN Sheng;WAN Xiaolong

机构地区：[1]西北师范大学哲学与社会学院 [2]电子科技大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《哲学分析》2024年第6期138-150,194,共14页Philosophical Analysis

基　　金：国家社科基金重大项目“量子信息科技哲学及其逻辑基础研究”(项目编号:22&ZD046);甘肃省科技计划项目(基础研究计划)软科学专项“甘肃省科技创新与思想实验交叉学科建设路径研究”(项目编号:23JRZA398)。

摘　　要：测度问题是近代科学的关键问题,相对论和量子力学更是将理论直接建立在基于测度的思想实验之上。然而,此后真正能够回应科学家关切的哲学观念,却难以构建、更新和反思。以追光实验、电梯实验、测不准原理、多世界诠释、无边界假设和共形循环宇宙学等为例,从对理论物理的科学发现与科学理解中不难知道,测度的可能性是重要的理论出发点和判决标准。理想化的方法论不必然导致理想化的本体论。科学与哲学的争论点就出现在两种理想化发生冲突时如何取舍之上,而不是发生在对基于测度的认识论原则的无条件信任之上。传统观念对其批评不能成立。方法论优先于脱离测度的传统本体论承诺,一种现代理论对它的认可程度在某种意义上决定了其科学地位。s:Measurement is a key issue in modern science;indeed,the theories of relativity and quantum mechanics are directly established on thought experiments related to measurement.However,concepts that truly address the problems scientists are concerned with are difficult to construct,shift,and review.By examining thought experiments such as Chasing the Light,Einstein’s Elevator,the Uncertainty Principle,Many-Worlds Interpretation,No-Boundary Proposal,and Conformal Cyclic Cosmology,it becomes clear that in scientific discovery and understanding of theoretical physics,the probability of measurement serves as both a significant theoretical starting point and a criterion.Idealized methodology does not necessarily lead to idealized ontology.This paper proposes and demonstrates that the debates between science and philosophy arise from how one chooses between the two candidates of idealization when they conflict,rather than from an unconditional trust in the epistemology of measurement.Criticism from traditional concepts cannot operate effectively.Methodology takes precedence over ontology commitment that is isolated from measurement;the degree to which it is accepted,to some extent,determines the priority conferred on modern theory by science.

关 键 词：理论物理 测度 判决性实验 量子力学 思想实验 

分 类 号：N01[自然科学总论—科学技术哲学]