农业强国视域下中国耕地“非粮化”的动因与治理综述  

Review of the Motivation and Management of“Non-grain”Cultivated Land in China from the Perspective of Agricultural Power

作　　者：张育超 刘健[1] 姚志 ZHANG Yu-chao;LIU Jian;YAO Zhi(School of Economics and Management,Yangtze University,Jingzhou,Hubei 434023)

机构地区：[1]长江大学经济与管理学院,湖北荆州434023

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2024年第24期10-16,22,共8页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：延安大学产学研项目(RDI2024003)。

摘　　要：我国的粮食主产区、粮食主销区和产销平衡区均出现不同程度的耕地“非粮化”现象,严重影响我国的粮食安全,阻碍我国农业强国建设。运用文献分析法、政策解读法和归纳总结法进行系统性总结,以期为我国农业政策理论的制定提供借鉴和参考,助力农业强国建设,并为后期学术研究提供帮助。研究结果表明,耕地“非粮化”概念的界定尚未形成定论,拟定为:耕地“非粮化”有广义和狭义之分。广义上的耕地“非粮化”指农业经营者由于受到经济、政治、自然、社会等多方面因素的驱动将耕地利用方式从粮食生产转变为从事一切非粮种植的农业经营行为。狭义上的耕地“非粮化”指农业经营者由于受到经济比较效益的影响选择在耕地上种植经济作物或其他农作物而非粮食作物的农业生产行为。驱动因素包括种粮比较效益低、工商资本下乡、土地流转、居民消费结构升级和农村新生代群体受教育水平提高。整治措施包括坚持和完善粮食补贴制度、严格落实耕地利用优先序、引导和监管工商资本下乡、分区域并差别化整治耕地“非粮化”和遵循“大食物观”优化粮食生产布局。The phenomenon of“non-grain conversion”of cultivated land appears to different degrees in the main grain producing area,main grain marketing area and the production and marketing balance area,which seriously affects the food security of our country and hinders the construction of China’s agricultural power.The systematic summary is made by using literature analysis,policy interpretation and induction,in order to provide reference for the formulation of China’s agricultural policy theory,help the construction of an agricultural power,and provide help for later academic research.The results suggest that the definition of the concept of“non-grain”of cultivated land has not yet reached a conclusion.This paper proposes that the“non-grain”of cultivated land can be divided into broad and narrow.The“non-grain”of cultivated land in a broad sense refers to the agricultural management behavior that agricultural operators change the use of cultivated land from food production to all non-grain planting due to economic,political,natural,social and other factors.The“non-grain”of cultivated land in the narrow sense refers to the agricultural production behavior that agricultural operators choose to plant cash crops or other crops on cultivated land instead of food crops because of the impact of economic comparative benefits.The driving factors include low comparative benefit of grain farming,industrial and commercial capital to the countryside,land transfer,upgrading of residents’consumption structure and improving education level of the new generation in rural areas.The rectification measures include adhering to and improving the grain subsidy system,strictly implementing the priority order of cultivated land utilization,guiding and supervising industrial and commercial capital to the countryside,improving cultivated land“non-grain”in different regions and following the“Big Food Concept”to optimize the distribution of grain production.

关 键 词：“非粮化” 粮食安全 农业强国 土地流转 工商资本 

分 类 号：F301[经济管理—产业经济]