32个柑桔品种在建瓯田间的耐寒性比较  

Comparation of the cold-resistance of 32 citrus varieties in Jian’ou County

作　　者：温寿星[1] 胡菡青[1] 黄镜浩[1] WEN Shouxing;HU Hanqing;HUANG Jinghao(Fruit Research Institute,Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Fujian Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,Fuzhou,Fujian,350013,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省农业科学院果树研究所/福建省植物营养与肥料重点实验室,福州350013

出　　处：《中国南方果树》2024年第6期24-28,共5页South China Fruits

基　　金：福建省属公益类科研院所基本科研专项(2023R1026004);福建省人民政府中国农业科学院农业高质量发展超越“5511”协同创新工程(XTCXGC2021006);福建省农业科学院科技创新团队(CXTD2021003-3)资助。

摘　　要：冻害影响植物的生长与发育,对农作物的产量和品质构成严重威胁。在2023年1月下旬建瓯市遭遇约-5℃极端低温天气后,对福建省农业科学院闽北分院柑桔种质资源圃(位于建瓯市小松镇)露地栽培的32个柑桔品种的3~4年生植株冻害情况进行调查分析,以期为柑桔的抗寒育种、生产区划及栽培管理提供参考。结果表明,不同类型品种的抗寒性为宽皮柑桔>金柑>杂柑>橙和柚;杂柑类品种的抗寒性呈现为显著分化;初步筛选出甜春桔柚、马鼻蜜桔、芦柑和滑皮金柑4个极耐寒品种,龙回红脐橙为甜橙类抗寒种质资源。建瓯发展柑桔产业宜选择抗寒性强的甜春桔柚、温州蜜柑或杂柑品种;发展脐橙以龙回红较适宜,但需根据气象预报做好防寒工作;大部分区域不宜大面积露地发展葡萄柚及红美人等不耐冻的爱媛系列品种。Freezing damage affects the growth and development of plants,posing serious threats to the yield and quality of crops.In late January 2023,Jian’ou County experienced an extreme low temperature of about-5℃.One week later,freezing damage of three to four years old plants of 32 citrus varieties cultivated in field at the Citrus Germplasm Resources Garden of the Minbei Branch of Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences(located in Xiaosong Town,Jian’ou City)was investigated to provide scientific data for cold-resistance breeding,production regionalization,as well as cultivation management of citrus.The results showed that the order of cold resistance of different varieties was as follow:loose-skin mandarin>kumquat>hybrid citrus>orange and grapefruit.The cold-resistance of hybrid citrus varied significantly among cultivars.Tianchun tangelo,Mabi ponkan,Yongchun ponkan,and Huapi kumquat were the most cold-resistant cultivars and Longhuihong navel orange is a cold-resistant germplasm of sweet orange.For local citrus production in Jian’ou County,Tianchun tangelo,Satsuma mandarins,or cold-resistant hybrid citrus should be the preferred cultivars.Longhuihong navel orange is a suitable navel orange variety in Jian’ou County with application of cold protection according to weather forecast.Cold susceptible varieties such as grapefruit and Beni Madonna are not suitable for large-scale cultivation in open fields in Jian’ou County.

关 键 词：柑桔 冻害 建瓯市 生产区划 

分 类 号：S666[农业科学—果树学]