T系列香蕉抗枯萎病品系在广西的农艺性状及产量初步比较  

Preliminary comparison of agronomic traits and yield of disease-resistant strains of T-series banana in Guangxi

作　　者：黄英兰[1] 周维[2] 陈家慧[2] 沈平[1] 黄素梅[2] 吴启军 韦绍龙[2] 陈衍珊 HUANG Yinglan;ZHOU Wei;CHEN Jiahui;SHEN Ping;HUANG Sumei;WU Qijun;WEI Shaolong;CHEN Yanshan(Yulin Branch,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Yulin Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Yulin,Guangxi,537000,China;Biotechnology Research Institute,Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanning,Guangxi,530007,China;Guangxi Fenghao Agricultural Science and Technology Co.Ltd.,Yulin,Guangxi,537000,China)

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院玉林分院/玉林市农业科学院,广西玉林537000 [2]广西农业科学院生物技术研究所,南宁530007 [3]广西丰浩农业科技有限公司,广西玉林537000

出　　处：《中国南方果树》2024年第6期138-142,共5页South China Fruits

基　　金：广西科技基地和人才专项(桂科AD23026021);广西农业科学院基本科研业务专项(桂农科2024YP074);国家现代农业产业技术体系广西香蕉创新团队项目(nycytxgxcxtd-2024-16-07);广西创新驱动发展专项资金(桂科AA20302016)资助。

摘　　要：香蕉枯萎病普遍发生,严重威胁我国香蕉产业可持续发展,培育抗病品种被认为是目前最有效的防控途径。国内已有抗病品种由于广西气候原因,在广西种植表现不佳。为筛选适合广西种植推广的抗香蕉枯萎病品种(系),对广西农业科学院生物技术研究所选育的T17、T19、T30、T35、T36等5个T系列抗枯萎病香蕉品系进行比较试验,调查测定其生物学特性、植物学性状、果穗性状及枯萎病发病率。结果表明,T系列抗枯萎病香蕉品系平均生育周期为380~412 d,由长到短依次为T30>T35>T36>T17>T19;T系列品系植株较为紧凑,T30、T35、T36的假茎高度、粗度和叶片长度均显著高于T17和T19,其中T30最高,平均高度269.9 cm,T19最矮。综合果穗、果指及产量性状表现,T36表现最优,果指长20.3 cm,果指宽12.4 cm,单株果指数151.2个,平均单穗质量21.5 kg;T系列香蕉品系的一代蕉和二代蕉均对香蕉枯萎病表现抗病,其中感病对照(桂蕉1号)平均发病率为21.92%,T17和T35两代发病率为0,抗病性最强。说明T系列抗枯萎病香蕉品系具有较大应用潜力,这为广西抗枯萎病香蕉育种奠定种质基础。Fusarium wilt seriously threats the sustainable development of China's banana industry.Breeding disease-resistant varieties is currently considered the most effective way of prevention and control of this disease.Due to local climate condition,the current disease-resistant varieties in China performed poorly in Guangxi.To select the appropriate disease-resistant varieties(strains)to Fusarium wilt in Guangxi,five disease-resistant strains of T-series banana selected by Biotechnology Research Institute of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,including T17,T19,T30,T35 and T36,were compared and tested.Their biological characteristics,botanical traits,fruit clusters characteristics and disease index of Fusarium wilt were investigated.The results showed that the average growth and development period of T-series strains was 380-412 d in the order of T30>T35>T36>T17>T19.The T-series plants were relatively compact.The pseudostem height and middle circumference,and leaf length of T30,T35 and T36 were significantly higher than those of T17 and T19.Among them,T30 was the tallest,with average pesudostem height of 269.9 cm.The pesudostem height of T19 was the shortest.Based on the comprehensive performance of fruit clusters,fruit fingers,and yield traits,T36 performed the best,with fruit finger length of 20.3 cm,fruit finger width of 12.4 cm,fruit finger number of 151.2 per plant,and the average fruit cluster weight of 21.5 kg.The first generation and second generation of T-series banana strains showed resistant to Fusarium wilt.The average incidence rate of susceptible control(Guijiao No.1)was 21.92%,and the incidence rate of the two generations of T17 and T35 was 0,with the strongest resistance.To sum up,the Fusarium wilt disease resistant T-series banana strains have great potential for application,and lay a germplasm foundation for breeding disease resistant bananas in Guangxi.

关 键 词：香蕉 抗病品系 香蕉枯萎病 试种 

分 类 号：S668.1[农业科学—果树学]