不同基质对梨树营养钵大苗生长特性的影响  

Effects of different substrates on the growth characteristics of pear seedlings in container

作　　者：易善萍 任强 程寅胜 伍涛[1] 李谢雨 杨立[1] 张爽 熊国清 刘政[1] YI Shanping;REN Qiang;CHENG Yinsheng;WU Tao;LI Xieyu;YANG LI;ZHANG Shuang;XIONG Guoqing;LIU Zheng(Research Institute of Fruit and Tea,Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Hubei Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Fruit Trees,Wuhan,Hubei,430064,China;College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan,Hubei,430070,China;College of Horticulture and Gardening,Yangtze University,Jingzhou,Hubei,434025,China;Zaoyang Jingzhi Agriculture Co.Ltd.,Zaoyang,Hubei,441200,China;Wuhan Xintaiji Ecological Agriculture Co.Ltd.,Wuhan,Hubei,430342,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省农业科学院果树茶叶研究所/果树种质创新与利用湖北省重点实验室,武汉430064 [2]华中农业大学园艺林学学院,武汉430070 [3]长江大学园艺园林学院,湖北荆州434025 [4]枣阳市精致农业有限公司,湖北枣阳441200 [5]武汉市欣泰吉生态农业有限公司,武汉430342

出　　处：《中国南方果树》2024年第6期181-186,193,共7页South China Fruits

基　　金：现代农业(梨)产业技术体系(CARS-28);湖北省农业科技创新中心重大科技研发项目(2020-620-000-002-05);湖北省农业科学院第二批青年拔尖人才培养计划资助。

摘　　要：为探索不同基质对梨树营养钵大苗生长特性的影响,以期筛选出适宜梨树营养钵大苗高效繁育的基质配比,以1年生“翠冠”梨苗为试材,以田园土、草炭、有机肥、珍珠岩和蛭石为原料,设置10个基质配比处理,研究了各配方基质对梨苗成活率以及地上部和地下部生物量积累的影响。结果表明,T1(田园土)、T2(纯草碳)、T4(田园土∶草炭=2∶1)、T6(田园土∶草炭=4∶1)和T9组(田园土∶草炭∶珍珠岩∶蛭石=8∶4∶1∶1)存活率达到100%。T2组地上部粗度(15.90 mm)、地上部鲜质量(481.67 g)和干质量(228.55 g)、主根鲜质量(160.78 g)和干质量(107.50 g)、主根(153 cm 3)和须根(52 cm 3)体积数值最高。T3组(田园土∶草炭=1∶1)表现出最大的叶片鲜质量(2.79 g)、地上部高度(271 cm)、主根粗度(26.55 mm)、侧根鲜质量(52.42 g)和干质量(34.45 g)、侧根体积(56 cm 3)以及须根的鲜质量(31.69 g)和干质量(21.36 g)。T4组则表现出最高的叶片厚度(达到0.354 mm)。整体上T2、T3和T4组是综合表现最好的前3组,且这3组在大多数情况下并不存在显著性差异。考虑到更稳定的成活率、较高的生物量积累以及较低的育苗成本,推荐适用于梨树最优营养钵基质配比为田园土∶草炭=2∶1。适当增加草炭含量有助于改善复配基质的理化性质,促进梨苗生长。本研究可为梨树营养钵大苗基质配方选择提供依据,具有较高的推广应用价值。To explore the effects of substrates on the growth characteristics of pear seedlings in container,and select suitable substrates for growth of these seedlings,one-year-old seedlings of Cuiguan pear were used as test material,with garden soil,peat,organic fertilizers,perlite and vermiculite as raw materials,setting up ten treatments of different formula of substrates to study the effects of all formulas on survival rate and biomass accumulation of pear seedlings.The results showed that survival rate of treatments T1(garden soil),T2(peat),T4(garden soil:peat=2:1),T6(garden soil:peat=4:1)and T9(garden soil:peat:perlite:vermiculite=8:4:1:1)reached 100%.Pear seedlings of T2 exhibited the highest values of thickness of trunk(15.90 mm),fresh weight(481.67 g)and dry weight(228.55 g)of aboveground parts,fresh weight(160.78 g)and dry weight(107.50 g)of taproots,as well as volume of taproots(153 cm 3)and fibrous roots(52 cm 3).T3 treatment(garden soil:peat=1:1)showed the highest levels in fresh weight of leaves(2.79 g),the height of aboveground parts(271 cm),the thickness of taproots(26.55 mm),the fresh weight(52.42 g)and dry weight(34.45 g)of lateral roots,volume of lateral roots(56 cm 3),fresh weight(31.69 g)and dry weight(21.36 g)of fibrous roots.T4 treatment ranked the highest in thickness of leaves(0.354 mm).Overall,T2,T3 and T4 treatments were the ideal substrate formulas,which showed no significant differences in most of parameters.Considering more stable survival rate,higher biomass accumulation and lower cost,the substrate formula of T4 was recommended for pear seedling cultivation.Proper increase of the content of the peat could improve the physical and chemical properties of the compound substrate,which promoted the growth of pear seedlings in container.This study provided the basis for the selection of suitable substrates for pear seedling cultivation,which had a great application value.

关 键 词：梨树 大苗繁育 复配基质 生长指标 

分 类 号：S661.2[农业科学—果树学]