昭通苹果轮纹病新病原鉴定  

Identification of a new pathogen of apple ring blight in Zhaotong

作　　者：李艳 马永翠 曾航 谭启飞 张绍缓 李世玲 马仲炼 陈悦 孔宝华 付先星 王影 张全洪 LI Yan;MA Yongcui;ZENG Hang;TAN Qifei;ZHANG Shaohuan;LI Shiling;MA Zhonglian;CHEN Yue;KONG Baohua;FU Xianxing;WANG Ying;ZHANG Quanhong(College of Agronomy and Life Science,Zhaotong University,Zhaotong,Yunnan,657000,China;South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou,Guangdong,510642,China)

机构地区：[1]昭通学院农学与生命科学学院,云南昭通657000 [2]华南农业大学,广州510642

出　　处：《中国南方果树》2024年第6期203-209,共7页South China Fruits

基　　金：云南省高校重点实验室建设项目(X212200002);昭通市兴昭人才项目(昭党人才〔2023〕3号);云南省地方高校基础研究联合专项面上项目(202101BA070001-061)资助。

摘　　要：苹果是我国最重要的经济作物之一,轮纹病是苹果上的一种重要病害,会引起果实腐烂,导致果实失去商品性而造成经济损失。为明确昭通苹果果实轮纹病的病原菌,在昭通5个苹果产区采集轮纹病果,通过对病斑组织分离纯化、致病性检测、病原菌形态学观察结合分子生物学鉴定,进行了病原菌分离鉴定。结果从发病果实中分离得到的病原菌为稻黑孢霉属真菌(Nigrospora oryzae),是不同于苹果轮纹病常见病原葡萄座腔菌(Botryosphaeria berengeriana和B.berengeriana f.sp.piricola)的新病原。该菌在PDA培养基上的菌落絮状,正、背面均为白色,气生菌丝发达,生长较快;培养后期菌落正、反面逐渐向外呈灰黑色;菌丝有隔,浅褐色,分枝;分生孢子梗短;分生孢子黑色,单胞,球形。在温度17~26℃、平均相对湿度93%~97%条件下,田间健康果实活体接种该菌后发病较快,发病特征明显,后期整果腐烂并伴有酸腐味,与自然发生的苹果轮纹病果后期症状一致。稻黑孢霉属真菌侵染为害苹果果实,为国内首次报道。研究结果可为有效防治苹果轮纹病提供帮助。Apple is one of the most important economic crops in China,and ring rot is an important disease of apple,which can cause fruit rot and economic loss.In order to identify the pathogen of ring rot disease in Zhaotong apple fruit,the infected fruits were collected from 5 apple production areas in Zhaotong,and the pathogen was isolated and identified through separation and purification of the lesion tissue,pathogenicity detection,morphological observation and molecular biological identification.The results showed that the pathogen isolated from the infected fruit was Nigrospora oryzae,a new pathogen different from Botryosphaeria berengeriana and B.berengeriana f.sp.piricola.In PDA culture,the bacterial colonies of this pathogen were flocculent with white color of front and back,and developed air mycelium and fast growth.At late stage of culture,the both sides of the colony gradually turned gray to black.The mycelium was septate,light brown,and branched with short conidial peduncle.The conidia were black,unicellular and spherical.Under the condition of temperature at 17-26℃and the average relative humidity at 93%-97%,the disease developed rapidly with obvious symptoms on the healthy fruits inoculated with this pathogen.The whole fruit was decomposed with sour taste in the later stage,which was consistent with the symptoms of naturally occurring apple ring rot in the later stage.It was the first time in China to report that the fungus of rice Melanospora caused damage to apple fruit.The results of this study can provide help for effective prevention and treatment of apple ring rot.

关 键 词：苹果轮纹病 病原分离 分子鉴定 稻黑孢霉 

分 类 号：S436.611.1[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]