低需冷量桃新品种“早醒1号”的促早栽培研究  

Promoting early maturing cultivation of a new low-chilling-requirement peach cultivar Zaoxing No.1

作　　者：陆泰良 朱鹏翔 李海炎 梁瑞郑 徐志美 万保雄 LU Tailiang;ZHU Pengxiang;LI Haiyan;LIANG Ruizheng;XU Zhimei;WAN Baoxiong(Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Specialty Commercial Crops in North Guangxi/Guangxi Academy of Specialty Crops,Guilin,Guangxi,541004,China)

机构地区：[1]广西桂北特色经济作物种质创新与利用重点实验室/广西特色作物研究院,广西桂林541004

出　　处：《中国南方果树》2024年第6期258-264,共7页South China Fruits

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系广西创新团队(nycytxgxcxtd-2023-13-02);国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-30)资助。

摘　　要：为明确低需冷量早熟桃新品种“早醒1号”在广西壮族自治区桂林市促早栽培可行性,以中需冷量桃品种“中油13号”为对照,设置“扣棚+单氰胺”(TK1)、扣棚(TK2)和单氰胺(TK3)3种处理,以喷施清水为对照(CK),记录物候期,统计花芽萌芽率,分析成熟果实的品质指标。结果显示,3种处理均提前了物候期,但花芽萌芽率和果实品质有所降低,其中物候期提前程度“早醒1号”大于“中油13号”,花芽萌芽率和果实品质降低幅度“早醒1号”小于“中油13号”。“扣棚+单氰胺”(TK1)、扣棚(TK2)和单氰胺(TK3)3个处理的“早醒1号”花期分别比对照(CK)提前35、31和6 d,成熟期分别比对照(CK)提前26、21和5 d。TK1处理“早醒1号”果实果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、奎尼酸和柠檬酸含量相比对照(CK)均降低,而苹果酸含量升高,但差异性均不显著。结果说明休眠初期喷施单氰胺与扣棚处理均能提前物候期,低需冷量品种促早效果优于中需冷量品种,扣棚处理优于单氰胺处理,“扣棚+单氰胺”处理促早效果最好。To clarify the feasibility of promoting early maturing cultivation of a new early-maturing peach variety Zaoxing No.1 with low chilling requirement in Guilin,Guangxi,the medium chilling requirement peach cultivar CN 13 was used as the control,three treatments namely plastic greenhouse+cyanamide(TK1),plastic greenhouse(TK2)and cyanamide(TK3),with water as the control(CK).The phenological periods were recorded,and the germination rate of flower buds was counted,and the quality indexes of mature fruits were analyzed.The results showed that the phenological periods of all the three treatments were advanced,but the flower bud germination rate and fruit quality decreased.The advance degree of phenological period of Zaoxing No.1 was greater than that of CN 13,and the decrease of flower bud germination rate and fruit quality of Zaoxing No.1 was less than that of CN 13.The flowering period of Zaoxing No.1 treated by TK1,TK2 and TK3 was 35,31 and 6 days earlier than that of CK,and the maturity period was 26,21 and 5 days earlier than that of CK,respectively.The contents of fructose,glucose,sucrose,quinic acid and citric acid in Zaoxing No.1 fruit treated with TK1 were lower than those in CK,while the content of malic acid increased,but the difference was not significant.The results showed that spraying cyanamide at the early stage of dormancy and the plastic greenhouse treatment could advance the phenological period.The advance effect of varieties with low chilling requirement was better than the varieties with medium chilling requirement,and the advance effect of plastic greenhouse was significantly better than that of cyanamide treatment.The advance effect of spraying cyanamide+plastic greenhouse treatment was the best.

关 键 词：早醒1号 桃 促早栽培 单氰胺 扣棚 

分 类 号：S662.1[农业科学—果树学]