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作 者:谢章书 谢学方[2] 屠小菊 刘爱玉 董合忠[3] 周仲华 XIE Zhang-Shu;XIE Xue-Fang;TU Xiao-Ju;LIU Ai-Yu;DONG He-Zhong;ZHOU Zhong-Hua(College of Agronomy,Hunan Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Molecular Biology,Ministry of Education,Changsha 410128,Hunan,China;Rubber Research Institute,China Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences,Haikou 571101,Hainan,China;Institute of Economic Crops,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250000,Shandong,China)
机构地区:[1]湖南农业大学农学院/作物生理与分子生物学教育部重点实验室,湖南长沙410128 [2]中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所,海南海口571101 [3]山东省农业科学院经济作物研究所,山东济南250000
出 处:《作物学报》2025年第1期1-29,共29页Acta Agronomica Sinica
基 金:湖南省棉花产业技术体系栽培与良种繁育岗位专家项目(湘农发(2022)31号);湖南省农业农村厅项目(湘财建指(2023)98号,湘财建指(2024)162号);湖南省研究生科研创新项目(CX20240638)资助。
摘 要:棉花蕾铃脱落是一个普遍存在的现象,有对逆境环境胁迫的主动适应性脱落,也有因品种遗传特性、环境条件、栽培措施以及生物和非生物胁迫被动的受损脱落。蕾铃脱落直接影响着棉花的产量,国内外现有公开报道多集中于20世纪50、60年代关于乙烯和脱落酸对棉花蕾铃脱落影响的初步发现。结合其他植物的研究结果来看,蕾铃脱落似乎与生长素、赤霉素和细胞分裂素等促生长类激素的下降以及乙烯和脱落酸等抑制生长类激素的升高密切相关,激素在植物体内不仅介导新陈代谢过程,还协调着与信号通路相关的调控因子,在脱落过程中起着关键作用。本文从植物激素调控入手,综述了近年来包括脱落区形成和作用的分子调控机制以及各激素在棉花蕾铃脱落以及其他植物(生殖)器官脱落过程中的响应和调控机制等。发现目前以棉花蕾铃脱落为对象的研究非常匮乏,且多集中于少数激素对棉花生殖生长影响的有限研究,缺乏对导致蕾铃脱落的深层次机制的探究和解析。因此,未来研究方向应着重于探究棉花蕾铃脱落的遗传基础、发掘新的抗脱落基因资源和培育抗脱落棉花品种,同时加强在以棉花为模型植物下,蕾铃脱落与植物激素调节的关系研究,为提高棉花产量提供理论依据和技术支持。Cotton square and boll shedding is a common phenomenon,which can occur as an active adaptive response to adverse environmental stress or as a passive loss due to genetic characteristics,environmental conditions,cultivation practices,and vari-ous biotic and abiotic stresses.Square and boll shedding directly impacts cotton yield.However,most existing studies,both do-mestic and international,primarily focus on preliminary findings from the 1950s and 1960s concerning the influence of ethylene and abscisic acid on cotton shedding.Based on insights from other plant species,it appears that square and boll shedding is closely related to a decline in growth-promoting hormones—such as auxin,gibberellin,and cytokinin—and an increase in growth-inhibiting hormones like ethylene and abscisic acid.These hormones not only regulate metabolic processes within the plant but also coordinate signaling pathways that play a pivotal role in the shedding process.In this paper,we review the molecu-lar regulatory mechanisms underlying the formation and functioning of abscission zones,as well as the hormonal responses and regulatory mechanisms involved in the shedding of cotton squares and bolls,and in the shedding of other plant(reproductive)organs in recent years.Our findings reveal a lack of comprehensive research on cotton square and boll shedding,with most stud-ies focusing on the limited effects of a few hormones on cotton reproductive growth,while failing to investigate the deeper mechanisms that lead to shedding.Therefore,future research should prioritize exploring the genetic basis of cotton square and boll shedding,identifying new gene resources for breeding varieties resistant to shedding,and enhancing our understanding of the relationship between shedding and hormone regulation in cotton as a model plant.This will provide a theoretical foundation and technical support for improving cotton yield.
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