新疆小麦过氧化物酶活性基因TaPod-A1、TaPod-A3和TaPod-D1等位变异及分布规律  

Allelic variation and distribution of peroxidase activity genes TaPod-A1,TaPod-A3,and TaPod-D1 of wheat in Xinjiang,China

作　　者：刘鑫源 程宇坤 王丽丽[1] 战帅帅 马孟瑶 郭玲 耿洪伟[1,2] LIU Xin-Yuan;CHENG Yu-Kun;WANG Li-Li;ZHAN Shuai-Shuai;MA Meng-Yao;GUO Ling;GENG Hong-Wei(College of Agronomy,Xinjiang Agricultural University/Xinjiang Engineering Technology Research Center for High-quality Special Wheat Crops,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement and Germplasm Innovation,Urumqi 830052,Xinjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学农学院/新疆优质专用麦类作物工程技术研究中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆作物遗传改良与种质创新重点实验室,新疆乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《作物学报》2025年第1期68-78,共11页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区重点研发任务专项(2022B02001-3);新疆农业大学研究生科研创新计划项目(XJAUGRI2023005);新疆小麦产业技术体系建设专项(XJARS-01-02)资助。

摘　　要：小麦面粉的颜色是其品质分级的重要指标,为了使小麦面粉的品质得到进一步提升,本研究利用位于TaPod-A1、TaPod-A3和TaPod-D1位点基因的功能标记对110份新疆小麦品种(系)进行等位变异基因检测。基因型与表型方差分析结果显示, TaPod-A1、TaPod-A3和TaPod-D1位点的等位变异类型TaPod-A1b (35.5%)、TaPod-A3c (53.6%)和TaPod-D1b(60%)较其他等位变异类型TaPod-A1a (64.5%)、TaPod-A3a (46.4%)和TaPod-D1a(40%)均具有较高的POD活性。在新疆小麦材料中, TaPod-A1、TaPod-A3和TaPod-D1的3个不同基因位点上高POD活性的优异等位变异类型的分布频率均表现为引进品种(系)≈自育品种(系)>地方品种。TaPod-A3b在110份新疆小麦材料中并未检测出,说明该等位变异为稀有等位变异。具有TaPod-A1、TaPod-A3和TaPod-D1基因等位变异组合品种(系)的平均POD活性高低依次为TaPod-A1b/TaPod-A3c/TaPod-D1b (2836.25 U g^(–1) min^(–1))> TaPod-A1b/TaPod-A3c/TaPod-D1a (2796.00 U g^(–1)min^(–1))> TaPod-A1b/TaPod-A3a/TaPod-D1b(2520.31Ug^(–1)min^(–1))> TaPod-A1a/TaPod-A3c/TaPod-D1b(2473.91Ug^(–1)min^(–1))> TaPod-A1a/TaPod-A3a/TaPod-D1b(2407.65Ug^(–1)min^(–1))> TaPod-A1b/TaPod-A3a/TaPod-D1a(2339.06Ug^(–1)min^(–1))> TaPod-A1a/TaPod-A3c/TaPod-D1a(2320.38Ug^(–1)min^(–1))> TaPod-A1a/TaPod-A3a/TaPod-D1a(2210.69Ug^(–1)min^(–1))。其中,具有TaPod-A1b/TaPod-A3c/TaPod-D1b等位变异基因的活性(2836.25Ug^(–1)min^(–1))极显著高于具有TaPod-A1a/TaPod-A3a/TaPod-D1a(2210.69Ug^(–1)min^(–1))(P<0.01)的品种,说明具有较多优异等位变异类型的品种具有较高的POD活性。To further improve the quality of wheat flour,functional markers for the TaPod-A1,TaPod-A3,and TaPod-D1 loci were employed to detect allelic variations in 110 wheat varieties(lines)from Xinjiang.Genotypic and phenotypic ANOVA results re-vealed that the TaPod-A1b(35.5%),TaPod-A3c(53.6%),and TaPod-D1b(60%)alleles associated with significantly higher POD activity compared to TaPod-A1a(64.5%),TaPod-A3a(46.4%),and TaPod-D1a(40%)alleles,respectively.In Xinjiang wheat cultivars,the distribution frequencies of favorable high-POD activity alleles at the TaPod-A1,TaPod-A3,and TaPod-D1 loci were higher in introduced varieties(lines)≈self-fertile varieties(lines)compared to landraces.Notably,the TaPod-A3b allele was absent in all 110 Xinjiang wheat samples,suggesting that it is a rare allele.The average POD activity of cultivars(lines)with specific alleles at the TaPod-A1,TaPod-A3,and TaPod-D1 genes followed the order:TaPod-A1b/TaPod-A3c/TaPod-D1b(2836.25 U g^(–1) min^(–1))>TaPod-A1b/TaPod-A3c/TaPod-D1a(2796.00 U g^(–1) min^(–1))>TaPod-A1b/TaPod-A3a/TaPod-D1b(2520.31 U g^(–1) min^(–1))>TaPod-A1a/TaPod-A3c/TaPod-D1b(2473.91 U g^(–1) min^(–1))>TaPod-A1a/TaPod-A3a/TaPod-D1b(2407.65 U g^(–1) min^(–1))>Ta-Pod-A1b/TaPod-A3a/TaPod-D1a(2339.06 U g^(–1) min^(–1))>TaPod-A1a/TaPod-A3c/TaPod-D1a(2320.38 U g^(–1) min^(–1))>Ta-Pod-A1a/TaPod-A3a/TaPod-D1a(2210.69 U g^(–1) min^(–1)).Among these,the allele combination TaPod-A1b/TaPod-A3c/TaPod-D1b exhibited significantly higher POD activity(2836.25 U g^(–1) min^(–1))compared to the combination TaPod-A1a/TaPod-A3a/TaPod-D1a(2210.69 U g^(–1) min^(–1))(P<0.01),indicating that varieties with superior allele combinations exhibit enhanced POD activity.

关 键 词：小麦 过氧化物酶 等位变异 分子标记检测 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]