基于SSR标记的青海蚕豆品种亲缘关系分析与指纹图谱构建  

Genetic relationship analysis and fingerprints construction of faba bean varieties in Qinghai province based on SSR markers

作　　者：郑栋 周仙莉 滕长才[1,2] 侯万伟 张红岩[1,2] 刘玉皎[1,3] ZHENG Dong;ZHOU Xian-Li;TENG Chang-Cai;HOU Wan-Wei;ZHANG Hong-Yan;LIU Yu-Jiao(Qinghai University,Xining 810016,Qinghai,China;Qinghai Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Xining 810016,Qinghai,China;State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,Qinghai,China;National Crop Germplasm Resources Duplicate Library,Xining 810016,Qinghai,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学,青海西宁810016 [2]青海省农林科学院,青海西宁810016 [3]青海大学省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室,青海西宁810016 [4]国家农作物种质资源复份库,青海西宁810016

出　　处：《作物学报》2025年第1期79-90,共12页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：青海省重点研发与转化计划项目(2022-NK-109);财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-08-G06)资助。

摘　　要：为明确青海蚕豆育成品种、高代品系和骨干亲本的群体结构与亲缘关系,本研究利用46对多态性和稳定性好、重复性高的SSR引物对36个青海蚕豆主栽品种(品系)进行群体遗传学分析并构建了指纹图谱。结果表明,通过毛细管电泳检测,在46对引物中检测到262个等位位点,各引物检测的多态性等位位点数(Na)为2~15,平均等位位点数为5.696个,平均每个位点检测到的有效等位基因数为2.988个,范围为1.180~9.257;Shannon指数的变化范围为0.287~2.444,均值为1.210;多态性信息含量(polymorphism information content, PIC)值变化范围为0.141~0.883,均值为0.553,揭示了青海蚕豆品种丰富的遗传多样性。系统聚类将36份材料划分为4个亚群,第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ亚群分别包括24、4、7、1份材料;群体结构与主坐标分析将材料划分为2个亚群,亚群Ⅰ和亚群Ⅱ分别包括17和19份材料,与聚类分类结果有一定程度的交叉重合,厘清了青海蚕豆主栽品种的群体遗传结构与亲缘关系。在此基础上,筛选出4对核心引物,构建了36份材料的指纹图谱,并将相关信息储存在二维码中。青海蚕豆主栽品种指纹图谱的构建不仅为青海蚕豆品种鉴定提供了有效工具,也为今后青海蚕豆品种亲本选配和新品种权保护提供了技术支撑。To clarify the population structure and relationships among cultivated varieties,advanced lines,and backbone parents of faba bean in Qinghai province,forty-six pairs of SSR primers with high polymorphism,stability,and repeatability were used to analyze the genetic diversity of thirty-six varieties(lines)and construct genetic fingerprints.The results revealed that 262 alleles were detected using the forty-six primer pairs through capillary electrophoresis.The number of polymorphic alleles(Na)per primer ranged from two to fifteen,with an average of 5.696 alleles.The average number of effective alleles per locus was 2.988,ranging from 1.180 to 9.257.The Shannon index ranged from 0.287 to 2.444,with an average of 1.210.The polymorphism information content(PIC)varied from 0.141 to 0.883,with an average of 0.553,indicating rich genetic diversity among the faba bean varieties in Qinghai.Clustering analysis grouped the 36 materials into four subgroups:subgroup I(twenty-four materials),subgroup II(four materials),subgroup III(seven materials),and subgroup IV(one material).Population genetic structure and principal coordinate analyses divided the materials into two subgroups,with subgroup I containing seventeen materials and subgroup II containing nineteen materials.There was some overlap between the subgroups identified by clustering and those identified by population structure analysis,which clarified the genetic relationships and population structure of the main faba bean cultivars in Qinghai province.On this basis,four core primer pairs were selected to construct genetic fingerprints for the thirty-six materials,which were subsequently stored in a two-dimensional code.The fingerprinting of the main faba bean cultivars in Qing-hai provides an effective tool for variety identification and offers technical support for parental selection and the protection of new varieties in future faba bean breeding programs in the region.

关 键 词：蚕豆 青海 主栽品种 SSR标记 亲缘关系 指纹图谱 

分 类 号：S643.6[农业科学—蔬菜学]