干湿交替灌溉与植物生长调节剂对水稻光合特性及内源激素的影响  

Effects of alternate wetting and drying irrigation and plant growth regulators on photosynthetic characteristics and endogenous hormones of rice

作　　者：赵黎明[1] 段绍彪 项洪涛 郑殿峰 冯乃杰 沈雪峰 ZHAO Li-Ming;DUAN Shao-Biao;XIANG Hong-Tao;ZHENG Dian-Feng;FENG Nai-Jie;SHEN Xue-Feng(College of Coastal Agricultural Sciences,Guangdong Ocean University,Zhanjiang 524088,Guangdong,China;Suihua Branch,Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Machinery Sciences,Suihua 152054,Heilongjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]广东海洋大学滨海农业学院,广东湛江524088 [2]黑龙江省农业机械工程科学研究院绥化分院,黑龙江绥化152054

出　　处：《作物学报》2025年第1期174-188,共15页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：广东海洋大学科研启动经费资助项目(060302052010);国家“十二五”科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD20B0402)资助。

摘　　要：为探明干湿交替灌溉与植物生长调节剂(plant growth regulators, PGRs)对水稻光合特性、内源激素及产量的影响。采用盆栽与大田相结合方式,以龙粳31为试验材料,设置轻干湿交替灌溉(MI)和重干湿交替灌溉(HI)2种灌溉处理,于分蘖盛期和剑叶展叶期喷施已酸二乙氨基乙醇酯(diethylaminoethylcaproate,DA)、6-苄氨基腺嘌呤(6-benzylaminoadenine,BA)和BA(分蘖盛期)+DA(剑叶展叶期)3种PGRs,并设置清水对照,探究干湿交替灌溉、PGRs及互作下干物质积累、光合特性、内源激素及产量差异。结果表明,与HI相比, MI显著增加了抽穗后叶面积、叶面积指数、SPAD值及净光合速率,提高了剑叶与籽粒IAA、GA3和ZR含量,降低了ABA含量,增加了干物质积累及茎鞘物质转运能力,并在改善节间性状基础上增加了结实率、每穗粒数及粒重,增产5.30%(盆栽)和5.11%(大田)。与CK相比,喷施BA+DA显著提高了抽穗后剑叶净光合速率、干物质积累及茎鞘物质转运能力,提高了剑叶与籽粒IAA、GA3和ZR含量,增加了千粒重、结实率、收获指数、每穗粒数和粒重,增产6.60%(盆栽)和6.05%(大田),其次是BA。干湿交替灌溉与PGRs互作对叶面积指数、内源激素含量、每穗粒数及千粒重存在显著影响,其中MI×(BA+DA)处理更有助于维持抽穗后绿叶功能持续期,提高叶片SPAD值、叶面积、叶面积指数和净光合速率,增强干物质积累及茎鞘物质转运能力,提高叶片与籽粒IAA、GA3和ZR含量,促进同化物向籽粒输出,并在稳定穗数基础上增加了千粒重、每穗粒数和粒重,提高了结实率和收获指数,实现产量较其他处理及CK增幅3.17%~12.57%(盆栽)和3.14%~11.55%(大田),而HI×(BA+DA)处理可实现MI×CK产量效果。综上所述,干湿交替灌溉配合喷施BA+DA可作为本区域水稻高产高效生产环节中的一种节水化控栽培组合措施。The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of alternate wetting and drying irrigation and plant growth regulators(PGRs)on photosynthetic characteristics,endogenous hormones,and yield of rice.Pot and field experiments were conducted using Longjing 31 as the experimental material.Two irrigation treatments were set up:moderate alternative wetting and drying irrigation(MI)and heavy alternating wetting and drying irrigation(HI).The effects of these irrigation treatments on yield formation and photosynthetic characteristics of rice were examined.Additionally,three PGRs—diethyl aminoethyl hexa-noate(DA),6-benzylaminoadenine(BA),and BA+DA—were sprayed at the full tillering stage and sword leaf expansion stage to analyze their effects on photosynthetic characteristics and endogenous hormones of rice post-heading.Differences in dry matter accumulation,photosynthetic characteristics,endogenous hormones,and yield under alternate wetting and drying irrigation,PGRs,and their interactions were studied.The results showed that MI significantly increased leaf area,leaf area index,SPAD value,and net photosynthetic rate.It also increased the contents of IAA,GA3,and ZR in flag leaves and grains,decreased ABA content,and enhanced dry matter accumulation and stem-sheath matter transport capacity.Consequently,MI improved internode characteris-tics,seed setting rate,grain number,and weight per panicle,resulting in an actual yield increase of 5.30%(Pot)and 5.11%(Field)compared to HI.In terms of plant growth regulators,BA+DA significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate,stomatal con-ductance,and intercellular carbon dioxide concentration of flag leaves post-heading.It also increased dry matter accumulation,stem-sheath matter transport capacity,and the contents of IAA,GA3,and ZR in flag leaves and grains.This led to increases in 1000-grain weight,seed setting rate,harvest index,grain number per panicle,and grain weight per panicle,boosting yield by 6.60%(Pot)and 6.05%(Field),followed by BA,compared to CK.The interact

关 键 词：水稻 干湿交替灌溉 植物生长调节剂 光合特性 内源激素 产量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]