材料微区动态力学性能检测技术研究进展——从压痕硬度测量到仪器化压入测试  

PROGRESS IN DYNAMIC MECHANICAL PROPERTIES TESTING TECHNOLOGY OF MICRO-ZONES MATERIALS—FROM INDENTATION HARDNESS MEASUREMENT TO INSTRUMENTED INDENTATION TESTING

作　　者：赵守明 朱远泉 彭光健[2] 张泰华 Zhao Shouming;Zhu Yuanquan;Peng Guangjian;Zhang Taihua(National Key Laboratory of Strength and Structural Integrity,School of Aeronautic Science and Engineering,Beihang University,Beijing 100191,China;College of Mechanical Engineering,Zhejiang University of Technology,Hangzhou 310023,China)

机构地区：[1]北京航空航天大学航空科学与工程学院,强度与结构完整性全国重点实验室,北京100191 [2]浙江工业大学机械工程学院,杭州310023

出　　处：《力学学报》2024年第12期3537-3552,共16页Chinese Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2021YFC2202801);国家自然科学基金(12072009和12172332)资助项目。

摘　　要：针对材料微区动态力学性能检测技术,阐述压痕硬度测量和仪器化压入测试的原理和机制,分析动态压入测试的潜在问题,介绍静态和动态压入载荷测量原理、压入应变率含义、撞击压入的动态特征和沉积热量影响.梳理动态压入技术的两条发展路径:基于击杆和落/摆锤等低速撞击、分离式霍普金森压杆撞击及微粒高速撞击等传统动态加载技术,发展宏观压痕硬度测量技术;基于纳米压入仪测量的动态校正、载荷直接测量和载荷间接测量等,发展动态纳米压入测试技术.仪器化压入测试分析方法对压入载荷-深度测量信噪比要求高,传统动态加载的测量技术不能满足要求,目前需要基于测量系统动力学模型,提高纳米压入技术的仪器动态特性和测量信噪比.未来发展动态仪器化压入测试技术,需关注仪器动力学相应设计理论、动态微力和位移测量原理技术和测量影响因素校准检验方法,重点在于提高压入仪器的动态测量信噪比、发展鲁棒的参数识别分析方法,并加强动态仪器压入基础问题研究.For the dynamic mechanical properties testing technology of material micro-zones,the principles and mechanisms of indentation hardness measurement and instrumented indentation test are explained.The potential issues of dynamic indentation testing are analyzed.The measurement principles of static and dynamic indentation loads,the meaning of indentation strain rate,the dynamic characteristics of impact indentation,and the influence of deposition heat are introduced.Two development paths of dynamic indentation technology are reviewed:based on traditional dynamic loading techniques such as low-speed impact with a striking rod,falling/swinging hammer,and split Hopkinson pressure bar impact,as well as high-speed impact with particles,the development of macroscopic indentation hardness measurement technology is based on these techniques;based on dynamic calibration,direct load measurement,and indirect load measurement using nanoindentation instruments,the development of dynamic nanoindentation testing technology is based on these techniques.The analysis method of instrumented indentation test requires high signal-tonoise ratio for indentation load-depth measurement,and traditional dynamic loading measurement techniques cannot meet the requirements.Currently,it is necessary to improve the dynamic characteristics and measurement signal-to-noise ratio of nanoindentation technology based on the dynamic model of the measurement system.The future development of dynamic instrumented indentation testing technology focuses the design theory of instrument dynamics,the principles of dynamic micro-force and displacement measurement technology,and calibration and verification methods for measurement influencing factors.The emphasis should be on improving the dynamic measurement signal-to-noise ratio of indentation instruments,developing robust parameter identification analysis methods,and strengthening research on fundamental issues of dynamic instrument indentation.

关 键 词：仪器化压入 动态压入 硬度 材料参数 力学性能测试 

分 类 号：O348.3[理学—固体力学] TG115.5[理学—力学]