贵州花溪高坡岩溶台地分水岭水文地貌特征及发育演化研究  

Research on hydrogeomorphologic characteristics and evolution of the watershed on the Gaopo karst tableland in Huaxi of Guizhou

作　　者：罗书文 毛永琴 吴克华 高占东 王慧澄 王德远 孙燕 邓亚东[3] 张弘智 LUO Shuwen;MAO Yongqin;WU Kehua;GAO Zhandong;WANG Huicheng;WANG Deyuan;SUN Yan;DENG Yadong;ZHANG Hongzhi(Guizhou Institute of Mountain Research,Guiyang,Guizhou 550001,China;Guizhou Engineering and Technology Research Center for Karst Cave(Tourism)Resources Development and Utilization,Guiyang,Guizhou 550001,China;Institute of Karst Geology,CAGS,Guilin,Guanxi 541004,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省山地资源研究所,贵州贵阳550001 [2]贵州省喀斯特洞穴(旅游)资源开发利用工程技术研究中心,贵州贵阳550001 [3]中国地质科学院岩溶地质研究所,广西桂林541004

出　　处：《中国岩溶》2024年第5期991-1006,共16页Carsologica Sinica

基　　金：黔科合基础([2020]1Y159);黔科合支撑[2023]一般200;国家自然科学基金(42262002);贵州省2022年度高层次创新人才项目黔委人领办发([2022]3号)。

摘　　要：为了探讨贵州花溪高坡岩溶高原台地分水岭水文地貌特征及形成机制,文章通过实地调查区内地质构造、岩性、地貌空间展布特征,结合区内水系特征,运用岩溶水文地貌学理论探讨其发育与演化。结果表明:(1)高坡岩溶台地坡立谷、边缘坡立谷、峰林谷地、岛状峰丛和岩溶洞穴等岩溶地貌较为发育,展现出层状结构特征;(2)峰林谷地主要发育在独木河与摆金河之间的分水岭区域;(3)地貌由分水岭向排泄基面呈峰林谷地→峰丛洼地→谷地(或孤峰)的展布特征。分析认为:(1)裂隙、节理与断裂等构造是控制区内谷地向北东、东南走向的主导因素,碳酸盐岩和非碳酸盐岩地层空间展布对岩溶地貌形态具有一定决定作用,地壳抬升是塑造层状地貌结构的直接动力;(2)区内岩溶台地地貌形成演化是随台地水文结构演变而演进,在地质历史过程中,台地水系受周围河流溯源侵蚀影响,由边缘向中心解体;(3)在此过程,高坡岩溶台地岩溶地貌经历了:石牙-湖泊、峰丛洼地、峰林谷地和台地地貌系统退化消亡等4个时期。In order to explore the hydrogeomorphologic characteristics and formation mechanism of the watershed on the Gaopo karst tableland in Huaxi,Guizhou,this study investigates the spatial distribution of geological structure,lithology and geomorphology,in conjunction with the hydrological characteristics of the study area.It employs the theory of karst hydrogeomorphology to discuss the development of these characteristics.The results indicate:(1)The karst landforms of the Gaopo karst tableland,including poljes,edge poljes,peak-forest valleys,island peak clusters and karst caves,are well developed and exhibit layered structural characteristics.(2)The peak-forest valley is mainly developed in the watershed area between the Dumu river and the Baijin river.(3)The landform transitions from the watershed to the drainage base,displaying a spatial distribution pattern of peak-forest valley→peak-cluster depression→valley(or isolated peak).The analysis shows that fractures,joints and faults are the dominant factors controlling the northeastward and southeastward trend of the valley in the study area.Spatial distributions of carbonate rocks and non-carbonate strata play a certain decisive role in karst geomorphology.On the Gaopo karst tableland in Huaxi,there is an erosion base at Grade-5 in the valley and at the transition end of the broad anticline,but not in the watershed area.This phenomenon is caused by the fact that the crust began to rise again before the river tractive erosion in a certain period spread to the study area.In the broad anticline area,the tractive erosion path of the previous period spread to the center area,so only a Grade-4 erosion base was formed in the study area.Based on the layered geomorphic structure,it can be seen that from the center to the edge of the tableland and then to the valley,there is a turning point in the erosion base at the edge of tableland.In addition,the erosion base of each grade from the anticlinal transition end to the anticlinal center(from the edge to the center of tablelan

关 键 词：岩溶高原台地 分水岭 水文地貌 高坡 

分 类 号：P931.5[天文地球—自然地理学] P641